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THE  ETHEL  CARR  PEACOCK 
MEMORIAL  COLLECTION 

Main's  anion  monumentum 


TRINITY  COLLEGE  LIBRARY 

DURHAM,   N.  C. 
1903 


Gift  of  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Dred  Peacock 


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THE 


rxROGRAPHIOAl,    READEE. 


FOK      fHi- 


I)  1  X 1  F.     C  H I  L  U  K  E  N 


BY 


MRS.    M.    B     TVI^ORE. 


RALE 1 G  H  : 

HKAN«ON,  FAKKAR  .fc  CO.,  Pi  sLisHm 


B  I  B  L  I  C  A   li       R  E  O  O    K  D  E  K       1*  F   I  N    1 
186? 


COPY  RIGHT  SECURED  ACCORDING"  TU  LAW 


7,-  «  ■>■■  3  ■•: 


PREFACE. 


Tko  autlior  of  this  little  work,  having  found  most  of  the  juvenile  books  too  complex 
tor  Y<»nng  mintk,  has  for  some  time  intended  making  an  eftbrt  to  simplify  the  science 
<.f  Ge«»,i;Taph\ .  1"^  slio  shall  suQceod.in  bringing  this  beautiful  and  useful  study  within 
ihe  grasp  of  tlic  lillK;  folks,  and  making  it  both  interesting  and  pdeasant,  her  purpose 
will  be  fnlly    a<-i-ompli.shecl. 


NOTE    TO    TEACHERS 


^  The  first  part  of  tliis  work  is  intended  to  l)p  used  as  a  reader.  Tlie  second  is  to  be 
studied  as  usual.  .The  object  of  t]iis  arrangement  is  to  make  the  child  familiar  Avitli 
geographical  terms  before  he  begins  to  stud}'  (Teogi-a})liy.  As  a  pupil,  the  author  well 
remembers  her  difficulties  at  this  point ;  and  as  a  teacher,  she  has  l)een  led  to  encjuire, 
"  Is  there  no  easier  path  for  the  tender  feet  of  the  little  ones  ?'"  ■  • 

^  Let  the  pupil  read  over  and  ovei- again,  the  iirst  part,  and  tlien   the  second  will  be 
simply  a  review. 


GEOGKAPIIICAL  liEADER. 


LESSON  1. 
What  Geography  Means-.' 

L.  in  this  book  I  propose  to  toll  you  about 
Geogra][>liy.     I  wish  you   to.  pay   goud   at- 
tention,  and  if  I  use  a  word  you  do  nu^  un- 
derstand,  you  must   ask   your   teacher  to! 
explain  it  to  you. 

2.  Some  people  travel  over  the  world, , 
and  see  nearly  every  eountry  on  the  globe  ; 
but  as  every  ouo'can  not  do  this,  it  is  best] 
for  every  boy  and  girl  to  study  Geography.  I 
Theu  when  they  wish  to  travel,  after  they  j 
are  grown  up,  they  will  kno\^  wdiich  coun- ' 
tries  are  most  interestinrir.  But  very  few 
willleave  their  own  country,  and  tlius  if ; 
they  do  not  read  bool^s  and  learn  these  i 
things,  they  must  always  appear  ignorant. 

3.  Then  to  study  Geography  means  to 
learn  about  the  "surface  of  the  earth.  The 
surface  is  the  outside  part,  on  which  we 
live.  Part  of  this  §i'irface  i§  land,  and  part 
is  water.  There  are  abou^three  times  more 
water  than  Ifmd; 

4.  The  earth  i.s  luund  like  a  ball,  and 
turns  ov(Ji-  once  in  a  day  and  night.  AVheu 
the  side  on  which  we  live  is  turned  towards 
the  sun,    we  have  day,    and  the  people   on 

le  other  side  have  night. 

5.  The  reason  we. do  not  fall  off,  is,  that 


the  okrth  draws  us  to  it.  We  call  this 
drawing  .towards  the  earth,  attraction. 
Were  it  not  for  this  we  should  all  fall  off, 
lUvC  the  water  falls  from  a  grindstone,  or  a 
water  wheef,  when  turned  rapidly. 

6.  The  earth  is  one  of  the  planets.  A 
planet  is  a  body  which  moves  around  the 
sun.  The  earth  moves  around  the  sun 
once  in  a  year,  and"  keeps  rolling  over  all 
the  time.  God  made  the  earth  and  put  it 
in  motion,  and  it  will  move  until  he  com- 
mands it  to  stop.  Should  we  not  love  him 
for  makin^r  "S  such  a  beautiful  hoiiie  ( 


LESSON  II. 
( hange  of  Seasons. 

1.  As  the  earth  moves  around  the  sun, 
sometimes  the  sun  shines  straight  down 
upon  us,  and  we  then  have  summel-.  Then 
the  trees  blossom  and  bear  fruit,  the  birds 
sing  anci  ^  bnild  nests ;  and  men  plow  and 
raise  wheat,  corn,  cotton,  rice  and  tobacco. 

2.  AVhen  the  sun  first  begins  to  shine 
warm,  and  the  birds  begin  to  swell  and  the 
flowers  to  bloom,  we  call  it  Spring.  When 
the  sun  gets  high  in  the  heavens,  we  call 
it  Summer.  When  the  siin  begins  to  sink- 
back  into  the  south,  and  tlie  corn  and  fruit 


GEo<J  Ji  A  i' Jiic  A  I.     i:K  A  1)  )•:  i; 


^ct  ripe,  Ave  call  it  Autumn  -or  Fall.     The 
sun  now  shines  very  obliquely  by  or  slant- 
insr,  and  all  nature  becomes  cold  and  bleak,  i 
The  snow  flakes  too  descend,  and  robe  the  ^ 
earth  in  a  mantle  of  white  :    this    m'c  call 
winter. 

3.  These  changes  iji-e  called  change  of  i 
seasons  ;  and  are  necessary  ti  >  the  (^mfovt 
and  ha])]»inoss  of  mankind. 


LESSOX  in. 

Land. 

J .  On  the  surface  of  the  earth  avc  find 
some  large  portions  of  land,  containing  ma- 
ny countries  :  these  are  called  continbnts. 
They  are  surrounded  by  ■^'atcr  and  are  ma- 
n}"  thousand  miles  in  extent. 
.  2.  We  find  smaller  portions  of  land  sur- 
rounded by  water  which  are  called  islands. 
Some  of  these  are  far  out  in  the  ocean,  ,so 
the  i>€oplfe  can  not  get  away  except  on 
board  a  ship. 

3.  Then  there  arc  narrow  sti-ijss  of  land 
connecting  two  larger  i"»ieces  together ;  these 
are  called  isthmuses,  l^^orth  and  South 
America  arc  joined  together  by  the  isth- 
mus of  Darien. 

4.  Sometimes  a  portion  of  land  is  nearly 
surrounded  bv  Avater,  but  c)ne  side  is  joined 


to  u  larger  piece  :  this  is  called  a  peninsula. 
Florida  is  a  peninsula. 

5.  /hen  a  poiiit  of  land  j-uus  out  in  to 
the  water  we  call  it  a  cape.  Some  capes 
are  very  high  and  rocky  :  these  arc  called 
promontories. 

G.  A  portion  of  land  raised  up  tu  a  great 
height  is  called  a  mountain.  '  A  smaller 
height  if;  callod  ;>  hill.  Some  niountains 
have  Arc  inside  of  them,  and  send*  out 
smoke,  hot  stones  and  melted  lava ;  which 
somesimes  covers  np  whole  villages  :  these 
arc  tailed  volcanoes. 

7.  A  plain  is  a  poi-tion  of  level  land.  .\ 
plain  covered  with  saiul  is  called  a  desert ; 
and  one  covered  with  grass  is  called  a  prai- 
rie.. A  low  portion  of  land  between,  two 
hills  or  mountains,  is  called-  a  valley,  A 
valley  generjjljy  has  a  brook  or  river  run-, 
ning  through  it;  and  prod  nces  line  crops. 


LESSa^^lV. 

•  Water.     , 

1.  A  large  portion  of  the  surface  of  the 
earth  is  covered  with  Avatcr.  The  largest 
bodies  of  water,  are  called  oceans :  the  At- 
lantic, Paciiic,  ]S'orthern,  Southern  and  In- 
dian. ThcAtlantieis  the  largest  and  is 
obont  thi-ee  thousnnd  miles  wide. 


I'O  i:    r  li  K    1)1  X  1  ]•.    <  HI  Li),Ui.^ 


'2.  Smaller  bodies  of  watoi-  are  chIKhI 
seas.  •  A  sea  is  nearly  sVuTOunded  by  land. 
The  water  of  both  a  sea  "and  an  ocean  ij; 
salt.  You  conld  not  drink  sea  Ayater  witli- 
i>nt  nialdnc:  yourself  sick. 


J*.ESSO^    V. 
IfemlspliTros. 

1.    If  yuii  take  an  a[)plc   and  cut    in    i\v«» 


picccSj  YOU  call  them  a  half  apple.     If  yon 

take  a  bailor   sphere   and  saM-  it  in  two 

:).  An  arhi  of  the  §ea  running    out   into  parts,  3-on  have   half  a  sphere.     Xom-   the 

the  land  is  called  a  bay  or  gulf.     Some   o^  word  hemisphere  means  half,  and  the  earth 

these  are  very  large,  as  the  gulf  of  Mexico.  #s  round  like  a  sphere,  so  when  the  earth  is 

Tliatpotion  of  a  se.d  or   gulf  which   is  so  divided  in  t\yo  parts,  we  call  one   a   hemis- 

shallow  that  its  depths   may  be   measurert  phere. 

with  a  line,  is  called  a  sonn'l.  .>    Ti'wo  rli-ixx- o    1;,,,.    .-,•,,■,, ,i    +1  t' 

_.   11  w^  tiia\\  a  ,iine    a^unu    tlie   eartii 

4.  A.  large  collection  of  MTitera  entire- '  ^*''^"^  north  to  south,  we  have  the  eastern 
ly  surrounded  by  Lmd  is  called  a  lake.,''^"^^  western  hemispheres.  If  the  line  is 
Some  lakes  are  salt  but  most  ol' them  liavc"<^^'^^^^'^^^'''<^''^  ^^^^  ^"^  ^^'f^^t,  we  have  the 
fresh  water  like"  a  river.  T.;Tke  Superior  "^^'^^^^^^ '^"'^  southern  hemispheres.  We 
is  the  larii-est  iti  the  world*  ^  '       *'^^'  we  live  in  the  northern  hemisphere,  bc- 

cnnso  we  are  m->rth  of  the  e<|u:it(ii-. 

'>.   A  stream  of  water'  running    (»ver    the 

land,  ii called  a  river.     The  place  where   it       . 
startsiscallitssour.ee  or  head,    the  ])lace 


where  it  i-uns.  its  ned  or  channel,  and  tin 
]>lace  where  it  empties' into,  the  ocean,  its 
mouth.  .  Rivers  are  very  useful  to  mai\. 
They  turii  mills  and  other  machinery  and 
carry  boats  upon  their  surface.  Besides 
the  tincst  farms  are  found   alonj^the  river. 


LKSS(L\   \1. 
Points  of  the  Coiupass. 

1 .   ^  on  have  often  heard  of  the  inariner's 
compass,  and  some  of  you  have  seen  one ; 

„„     ,^ ,      ,  .        ..       ,      'jut  a>5  all  have  not,   I    will  tell  you  ?ibout 

1  he  Mississippi  IS  the  largest  river  in  the  -^^  There  is  a  certain  star,  called  the  North 
world.  It  ,s  about  bmr  thousand  niiles  p^l^.  Star,  t<dn>h  you  can  always  sec  of  a 
'  *"•"■  ''1^'fH'  uight.     There  is  a  kind  of  stone,  called 

«>.  Water  is  so  useful,  that  man  could  loadstone,  whicli,  if"  a  long  piece  of  it  be- 
not  exist  without  it.  lie  catches tish  from  tixed'on  a  pivot,  will  always  point  towards 
it,  ibr  food  ;  it  bears  liis  ships  from  one  1  the  Xorth  Polar  Star.  You  mav  take  a'oiu' 
country  to  another,  it  turns  his  machinery,  1  finger  and  tnirn  it  around  towards  the  east 
it  waters  his  cntps;  ami  the  best  of  all,  or  west,  l)Ut  it  will  move  ba'-k  north  again 
f.ii  ?n- the  l"-t  drink  in  llw   world.  ;i<s.i.>!i  mv  v.m  K.)  \t  mI,,!,,. 


(t  E  O  G  R  a  1'  li  I  C  a  L     \i  E  A  i>  E  i: 


2.  Now  if  jou  stand  with  your  face  the 
direction  -the  needle  points,  to  your  right 
hand  will  be  east,  your  left  west,  and  your 
back  south.  You  must  get  your  teacher  to 
show  you  the  Polar  Star,  and  then  you  will 
always  be  able. to  tell  what  dircctioi)  you 
are  traveling  of  a  clear  night. 

3.  When  you  look  on  a  map  the  top  i# 
generally  north,  the  right  hand  east,  the 
bottom  south,  and  the  left  haird  west. 

■i.  There  is  <mo  spot  of  the  earth  which  is 
always  turned  towards 'the  Polai'Star:  this 
is  called  tiic  North  Pole.  The  j  ust  opposite 
is  called  the  South  Pole.  'I  hese  points  are 
called  ].oles  because  of  their  relation  to  tlic; 
Polar  Star. 


Some  go  at  the  rate  of  twenty  miles  an 
hour,  and  some  thirty  or  forty.  This  was  a 
great  invention.  ^  Fifty  years  ago  people 
could  not  travcl^faster  than  horses  could 
draw  them,  which  was  forty  or  fifty  miles 
per  day. 

3.  Canals,  railroads  and  bridges  and  all 
,  things  that  men  make,  are  called  the  works 
I  of  art.  Mountains,  hills,  rivers,  oceans, 
'seas,  *fec.,  are  called  the  works  of  nature; 
I  because  God  made  them..  The  works  of 
'  nature  far  surpass  the  works  of  art;  which 
I  shows  how  n'^uch  wiser  God  is,  than  the 
i  wisest  men.  '  *    ' 


LESSON  VII.  • 
€aii2ils  and  Railroads. 

:  A.canalis  a  ditch  dug  by  men^  wide 
enough  for  vessels  to  sail  along  on  the  water 
with  which  it.  is  filled.  Some  countries  have 
no  large  rivers  on  which  to  boat  their  pro- 
duce*tO  market,  and  these  canals  are  dug  to 
answer  in  the  place  of  rivers.   , 

2.  When  you  grow  up  and  travel,,  you 
will  sometimes  go  upon  the  highway,  some- 
times upon  the  turnpike,'  and  sometimes 
upon  the  railroad.  This  last  is  made  ,by 
digging  down  the  hills  and  filling  up  the 
hollows,'  and  laying  down  iron  bars  for  the 
wheels  to  run  upon.  Then  the  cars  are 
drawn    by    steam,    and   move    very   fast. 


LESSON  VIII. 
Latitude  and  Longitude. 

1.  When  lines  are  ui-awn  around  the 
earth  from-  east  to  west,  the  same*  distance 
apart,  we  reckon  distance  from  one  to  an- 
other, and  this  is  called  latitude.  Lati- 
tude means  width,  and  is  applied  to- the 
earth  in  measuring  from  north  to  south,  be- 
cause it  is  considered  not  so  long  that  way 
as  from  east  to  west.  The  lines  M'hich 
mark  latitude  are  called  parallels. 

2.  If  you  look  on  the  map  you  will .  ob- 
serve there  are  other  lines  drawn  froiA.  top 
to  bottom.  These  are  caljed  meridians, 
and  are  used  to  reckon  distances  from  east 
to  west.  •  This  being  the  longer  -s^-ay  of 
measuring  the  earth,  it  is  called  longitude 
which  means  length.     But  you   must   no,t 


FOR    THE     BIXIE     CHILDREN. 


think  tlic  earth  is  much  shorter  Iroin  north 
to  soutli,  than  from  cast  to  west.  It  is  only 
Hat  at  the  poles  like  an  apple  at  the  stem 
and  hlossom  ends. 
•  3.  A  knowledge  of  latitude  and  longitude 
is  of  very  great  service  to  persons  sailin^^ 
(iver  the  ocean.  When  they  liavo  sailed 
so  many  degrees  east,  the  sun  rises  an  liour 
sooner  or  if  sailing  west  it  rises  an  horn'  la- 
tei-.  Thus  .they  know  liow  far  they  are 
:iwav  from  lifmc. 


LESSON  IX. 

Zones. 

1.  Tlic  clinvate  on  the  earth  is  not  alike 
:ill  over  it.  Around  the  middle,  between 
the  poles,  the  sun  shines  straiglit  down,  .so 
you  would  make  no  shadow  tlierc  at  noon. 
This  you  know  makes  the  climate  very 
warm.  They  have  no  winter  there  at  all. 
The  trees  arc  .always  covered  with  leaves, 
flowers  and  fruits.     The  trees  are  very  tal', 

ltd  the  llo-wers  large  and  showy — some  of 
liifMi  larger  than  a  man  can  carrv. 

2.  The  animals  arc  large  and  ferocious. 
There  are  many  hugi-  serpents,  crocodiles, 
iVc.  Also  venomous  spiders  and  otlioi-  in- 
sects. The  i)eoplc  are  tall.  darR  complect-, 
cd,  indolcijt  and  warlike.  A;;  a  matter  of 
course  with  la/.y  pc(>|tlc,  tli(;y  arc  very  ig- 
norant.    This  is  called  the  Torrid  Zone. 

3.  Around  each  of  the  [mlcM,  the  .^^un 
shines  so  oliH(|ucly  that  the  people  j list  see 
if  inHkiui'    :i     iiimII  fird''     diorp    t|)P    treo- 


dnring  a  short  day  of  eight  or  nine  hours. 
It  is  so  cold  there  that  the  people  and  the 
treics  arc  very  short;  not  taller  than  a  com- 
mon man's  shoulders ;  and  t^ey  look  stunt- 
ed and  dwarfieh.  They  cannot  raise  grain, 
and  consecpiently  Iiavc  to  subsist  upon  flesh. 
They  live  mostly  on  fish.  The  raindeer 
and  the  dog  are  the  only  domestic  animals 
they  have.  The  dog  lives  on  flesh,  and 
the  raindeer,  lives  on  a  kind  of  long  moss. 
These  animals  draw  the  people  on  sledges, 
and  can  travel  as  fast  as  a  fleet  horse.  TliQj-e 
is  no  fruit  there,  except  a  few  small  berries. 

4.  These  are  called  Frigid  Zones.  The 
one  around  the  north  *polc,  the  North 
Frigid,  and  the  one  around  the  south  pole, 
the  Soutli  Frigid.  I  knt)w  you  think  yon 
would  not  like  to  live  there;  but  tho.'^e 
peoi)le  arc  as  contented  and  happy  as  yon 
are ;  and  are  very  industrious  and  peacn 
ble.     Tlic}'  also  have  some  education. 

5.  Between  the  Torid  and  the  Frigid 
zones,  .there  lie  two  (.iflier  zones,  called 
Temperate.  In  these,  the  trees  grow  of  me 
dium  height,  but  do  not  have  leaves  all 
the  year.  They  l»ear  fruit  during  the 
Summer  and  Autumn,  and  then  cast  theii 
leaves  away.  The  fruit  and  flowers  are 
not  so  large  as  in  tJie  Torrid  Zone.  The 
am'mals  are  comjnon  size  and  are  mostly  of 
the  domestic  kinds:  The  people  are  mostly 
while,  of  common  statune  and  (»f  milder 
dispositions  than  those  of  a  hotter  climate  ; 
but  much  more  warlike  than  those  of  the 
Fi-igid  Zones.  They  are  generally  indn« 
frion-   Hii.l  M, 1.1!;. .,.1,1        T  mein  li^-lhii;  t]\Ht 


10 


a  E  O  G  R  A  r  H I C  A  L     R  EA  D  E  K 


lioyto  my  little  reader?  will  not  l)e  idle 


LESSON  X. 


I  hey  have  good  schools,  and  all  who  labor  I  3.  When  the  white  people  came  to  this 
can  g-et'a  g6od  edneation.  But  sad  to  say,  i  country,  they  found  a  red  or  copper  colored 
there  are  some  lazy  people  in  every /Zone,  race.  This  people  they  named  Indians,  be 
,ind  some,  idle  children  in  every  school.     I  ^  cause  they  thought  they  had  sailed  west  uii- 

;  til  they  had  come  to  India   in   Asia.     They 
!  ^yere  tall,  with  long  black   hair,    and   high 
cheekbones.     They  went  nearly  naked,, and 
were  cruel,  and  warlike.     They  were  good 
friends,  but  terrible   enemies.     They  were 
Raecs  of  I*Icu.  j  governed   by   Chiefs,  and  had  no   books. 

The  men  who  inhabit  the  globe,  are  not  I  The  women  performed  most  of  the  labor, 
air  alike.  Those  in  Europe  and  America,  and  were  called  Squaws.  This  is  called 
;ire  mostly  white  and  are  called  the  Cauca-  the  American  race.  -  They  n_(J\v  have  books, 
:  ian  race.  This  race  is  civilized,  and  is  far  |  schools  and  churches,  and  many  •  of  them 
above  all  the   others.'  They  have  schools  learn  about  Jesus. 

and  churches  and  live  in  fine  style.  They!  -  4.  The  African  or  negro  race  is  found  in 
also  generally  have  wise  and  good  men  for  |  Africa.  They  are  slothful  and  vicious,  but 
I'ulers,  and  a  regular  form  of  government. '.  possess  little  cunning.  They  arc  very  cruel 
The  women  are  treated  with  respect  and  to  catch  other,  and  when  they  have  war 
tendernessj  and  in"  many  cases  their  wish  tlicy  sell  their  prisoners  to  the  white  people 
is  law  among  their  male  friends.  |  for  slaves.     They  know  nothing  of  Jesus, 

2.  There  is  a  class  of.  people  who  inhab-iand  the  climate  in  Africa  is  so  unhealtliy 
it  most  of  Asia  which  is  of  a  yellow  color-  i  that  white  men  can  scarcely  go  there  to 
They  are  a  cpiiet,  plodding  race,  but  when '  preach  to  them.  The  slaves  who  are  found 
e<!ucatcd  are  sensible  and  slirewd.  Tlicy !  in  America  are  jn  much  better  condition, 
have  some  books,  and  a  regular  form  of | They  are.  better  fed,  better  clothed,  and 
goVei-nment,  but  they  ai'C  heathen  ;  I  mean  better  instructed  than- in  their  native  coun- 
l)y  this  that  they  worship  images  made  of  try;    .  - 

wood  and  stone.  They  do  not  know  about  .5.  These^^coplc' are  descendants  of  Ham 
•Jesus.  And  ^'^ct  they  pray  to  those  idols  the  son  of  Noah  ;  who  was  cursed  because 
inncli  oftencr  than  we  christians  do  to  our  he  did  not  treat. his  father  with' respect,  - 
Savior.     This  race  is  called  the  Mongcolion.i  It  was  told  him  he  should  serve  his  breth 

O  I 

Missionaries  have  been  sent  to  teach  them'rcn  forever.     That  ANiould  seem  a  hard  sen 
about  Jesus.     When  they  ever  become  con-  tence  but,  it   was  probably  doiae  to  show 
verted,  they  holdfast  their  profession,    and  other  children,  how  wicked  it   was  to  treat 
are  not  fickle  like  some  races.    .  I  their  parentsso.   We  can  .not  tell  how  they 


FOB    THE    DIXIE    CHILDREN 


tl 


came  to  be  black,  and  have  wool  on  their !  west   across   the    ocean    uiilii   they    caiiiy 
heads.  I  to  the  East  Indies.     This  wonklbe  Sf>  ii inch 

6.  There  is  still  another  race  called  the  Lless labor  than  travelhig  aci'oss  Europe  and  a 
Malay.  Tlicy  arc  black  and  have  wool  great  part  of  Asia  to  br.ing  the  sweet  spices 
on  their  heads,  but  not  like  the  African. ,  and  fruits  from  tliat  plesant  climate.  ,  So 
They  arc  very,  fierce  and  will  die  ratlicr  Christo]»her  Columbus  asked  the  king  of 
than  be  made  slaves.  They  are  also -cun-  Portugal  to  give  him  ships  and  men  to 
n  in  g  and  treacherous,  and   will  have   little;  make  the  voyage.     But  the   king  and   his 

Columbus  M'as  beside 


dealings  with   white  men.     They   eat  the 'counsej I ors  thought 


ilesh  of  their  enemies,  and  are  called  canni- 
bals. They  have  killed  several  preachers 
who  went  away  there  to  preach :  but  some 
of  them  have  become  christians. 

7.  Now,  dear  children,  you  have  heard 
how  miserable  m'hny  of  the  human  family 
arc. 


himself. 

3-  Columbus  then  went  to.  Spain  tv  ask 
king  Ferdinand  and  queen  Isabela  to  lit 
him  out.  After  nnich  entreaty,  they  con- 
sented, and  the  queen  sold  some  of herjew- 


bc  happy  as  you  are.  mere  are  good  men 
who  arc  willing'  to  go  and  teach  them,  but 
but  they  lack  money  to  bear  their  expenses. 
Can  aiot  each  of  you  give  something  to  help 
send  the   gospel  to  the  heathen. 


,^   ,       ,  ,         ^  ,  els  to  obtain  money  lor  the   purpose.     At 

If  they  knew  abo^it  Jesus,  they  would  I  i^^,,tl^  with   three   small   ships 

and  ninety  men.  U'e  sailed  due  west  for 
three  months  without  finding  land.  His 
men  now  became  alarmed,  ^liiiking  he 
would  never  find  the  way  back  home.  So 
they  thought  they  would  ihrow  him  over- 
board and  return.  Columbus  agreed  tt» 
to  return,  if  in  three  days  land  was  liot 
fouiid.  Just  before  the  time  expired,  a  man 
on  dock  cried  out  Land!  Land!,  And 
sure  enough  there  was  laud.  This  was  an 
island  on  the  coast  of  America,  and  it  look- 
ed so  much  Ipvc  the  East  Indies,  that  this 
group  was  called  Westlndie.**  bccau^''  ^h'-v 
found  it  by  failing  west. 

4.  Columbus  I'cturued  to  Spain  and  told 
the  glorious  news.  Then  many  ships  came 
over,  and  soon  the  country  was  settled. 
But  the  early  settlers  sufiered  much  from 
hardships,  and  from  the  hostility  of  the  in- 


LESSON  XI. 

America. 

1.  A  great  many  years  ago  the 


Toundecr- 


thought  the  earth  was  flat  and  sun 
by  the  ocean.  Europe,  Asia,  and  Africa, 
with  soiiie  islands  around  the  coast,  were 
all  the  land  then  known.  Tlio  people  had 
ships  and  sailed  along  the  coast,  but  never 
ventured  out  on  the  ocean. 

2.  At  length  some  wise  men  began  to 
conclude  that  the  earth  was  round  like 
a  ball  ;  and  that  possibly   they   could  sail 


12 


G  E  O  G  R  A  r  H  I  0  A.L      R  l^]  A  D  E  R 


dians.  When  the  M'hite  men  first  came  the 
savages  treated  them  kindly ;  but  soon 
some  wicked  men  began  to  cheat  and  take 
advantage  of  the  Indians. ,  The  Indians  in 
i  cturn  took  reveiige  by  burning  whole  vil- 
lages, and  killing  the  inhabitants  in  their 
beds  or  as  they  ran  half  naked  throngh  the 
snow.  But  the  white  people  increased,  and 
made  war  and  drove  back  the  indians  into 
the  wilderness,  until  they  are  now  nearly 
all  beyond  the  Mississippi  River.  How 
itmch  belter  it  would  have  been  iT  all  had 
acted  fairly,  and  lived  together' in   peace! 

5.  These,  indians  were  -  very  ignarant. 
They  dressed  in  skins,  lived  on  the  flesh  of 
animals  which  they  killed  with  their  bows 
and  arrows.  '  They  had  no  guns,  no  houses, 
uo  tools  to  work  with,  no  fields,  ho  horses 
nor  cows,  »or  hogs,  nor  sheep,  as  wb  have. 
They  built  little  huts  of  sticks  which  they 
(tailed  wigwams,  and  covered "  them  with 
t-kibs.  They  used  bits  of  sharp  rock  and 
shell  to  skin  animals  and  cut  np  the  flesh. 
They  had  never  heard  of  Jesus,  but  thought 
whey  they  did  wrong,  the  Great  Spirit  was 
angry  with  them.  They  prayed  to  this 
Great  Spirit,  somewhat  like  we  pray  to 
God.  .  ~ 

6.  The  continent  of  America  is  divided 
in  two  parts,  North  and'  South  America. 
They  are  joined  together  by  a  narrow  strip 
of  land  called  the  isthmus  of  Darien.  The 
New  World,  as  it  was  long  called,  is  noted 
for  its  great  rivers,  large  lakes,  tall  moun- 
tains,  &c. 

7.  This  New  World,  should  have  been 


called  Columlna  after  the  great  man  Avho 
discovered  it;  but  one  Americus  Vespucius 
made  a  voyage  to  the  New  AVorld,  and  pub- 
lished a  book  about  it,bcfore  Columbus  got 
his  out.  Thus  the  world  began  to  call  the 
new  land  America,  in  honm'  of  Americli;^. 


LESSON   XIL 
North  America. 

1.  The  northern  part  of  North  America 
is  a  cold  desolate  region.  In  the  extreme 
Nortji  west,  lies  Russiaui  America.  Tliis  is 
governed  by  the  Emperor  of  Russia.  The 
people  live  mostly  by  hunting  and  fishing. 
The  snow  is  very  deep  there,  and  co\'ers  the 
ground  nearly  all  the  year.  All  the  wild 
animals  have  fur  and  are  hunted  for  their 
skins  as  well  as  for  food. 

2.  On  the  northeast  we  find  an  island 
called  Gr^fcand,  or  Danish  America.  This 
belongs  to  the  king  of  Denmark.  The 
country  is  cold  and  bleak.  The  people  arc 
a  hardy  race,  of  low  stature,  quiet  and  in- 
dustrious. During  the  long  winter  nights 
the  parents  t^ach  the  children  to  read. 
They  are  called  Esquimaux,  and  are  as  much 
attached  to  their  cold,  barren  country  as  we 
can  possibly  be  to  ours. 

BRITISH    AMERICA. 

1.  This  division  lies  betwjeen  Greenland 
and  Russian  America.  It  is  governed  by 
the  Queen  of  England.  The  southern  por- 
tion is  not  so  cold   and  bleak   as   the  polar 


cz. 


'eJSSctSteraf 


O  K     T  V 


Oiy  '  h     'viiIjLJJKK.N 


f'c 


;*egioriS.     in  tiic  Canadas,  the  i^copic  raise  i 
grain  and  have  some  t'lniits.  i 

2.  Tlicre  arc  r.ot  many  monnvai;iB  bntl 
many  lai'gc  lakes  and  riv^TS.  Tlic  "St.  Lav.---, 
rence  between  the  United  States  and  Brit-j 
tish  America  is  a  i;rand  river,  on  wliicli  iirc\ 
<Jome  great  water  falls.  Is  iagara  fails  is  tlic  i 
finest  in  the  world.  Tliie  river  difiins  the' 
great  lakes.  Tlie  largest  of  tl'.ese,  La'licSn- i 
periur,  is  nearly  tii-e  buitdred.miles  in  length.  [ 
Tliey  are  also  deep  onongli  for  the  largest 
ships  to  sail  npon.  iSoniet':n^>i,  u-es-"  great  i 
lakes  are  all  frozen  over  so  tUc  people  can  | 
travel  on  .the  ice 

THE   UMTED   STATI- 

1.  This  was   once   the   most   pi-ospero;i;> 
country  in  the  world.     IS'early   a  hnndred 
years  ago  it  belonged  to  England;  but  tlie^ 
English  '.nade  such  hard  laws  that  the  peo- 1 
pie  said  they  vroiild  not  obey  them.     After  ■ 
a  long,  bloody  -^ar  of  3<' von  years,  tlicy  gain- 
ed their  independ'^Tice  ;  and  for  many  years, 
were  pro&j)erous  and  nappy.  ■ 

2.  lu  the  incan  time  both  Engli«)i  and  ! 
Amerieuti  sLins  went  to  Africa  and  bronght  I 
away  many  of  tlwse  poor  heathen  negroes, ' 
and  sold  them  for  slaves.  Some  people' 
said  it  was   w.-cng   and   asked  the  ^iri)^  ol  ■ 

.  England  to  stop  it.  Ho  replied  that  "  l^e ! 
knew  it  was  wrong;  but  that  sLvx  trade] 
brought  much  money  into  his  treasury,  and 
'^  -hould  continue."  But  both  countries  af- 
v.ardo  did  pass  laws  to  stop  this  trade,  j 
in  a  few  years,  the  Northern  States  finding ' 
liieir  climate  too  cold  for  the   ncHrc    "'  ' 


profiiable,soid  thf^rr.  to  the  people  iivingfar- 
ther  South.  Then  the  Xorthern  States 
passed  laws  to.  forbid  any  person  owninpr 
slaves  in  their  borders. 

3.  Then  the  northern  people  bcga'a  to 
preach,  to  lecture,  and  to  write  abo^t  the 
sin  of  slavery  .The  money  for  which  tiacT 
said  their  stares,  was  now  partly  spent  Li 
trying  co  persuade  the  Southern  States  to 
send  their  slaves  back,  to  Africa.  And 
when  the  territories  were  settled  they  were 
not  willing  for  any  of  them  to  become 
slaveholding.  This' would  soon  have  made 
the  Ko'-Hi  much  stronger  than  the  South  ; 
and  many  of  the  men  said  they  would  vote 
for  a  law  to  free  all  the  negroes  in  the 
country.  The  Southern  men  tried  to  show 
them  how  unfair  this  would  be,  but  still . 
tuey  kept  on.  '  » 

4-.  Ill  the  year  1S60  the  Ablitionists 
became  strong  enough  Lo  elect  one  of  their 
men  for  President.  Abraham  Lincoln  was 
a  v>eak  man,  and  the  South  believed  ho 
would  ai  low  laws  to  be  made,  whicii  would 
deprive  them  of  their  rights  So  tiie  South- 
ern States  seceded,  aqd  elected  Jeffei'son 
Davis  for  tiieii  President.  This  so  enraged 
President  Lincoln  that  he  declared  war, 
;ind  has  exhausted  nearly  all  the  strength 
of  the  nation,  in  a  vain  attempt  to  whip 
the  South  back  into  the  Union.  Thousands 
of  lives  have  been  lost,  and  the  earth  has 
been  drenched  with  blood  ;  but  still  Abra- 
ham>  is  unable  to  conquer  the  "  RebeU  "  qb 
he  calls  the  South.  The  South  only  asked 
-c   b'^  let  alone,  and  ro  divide  the  public 


14 


G  E  O  G  B  A  F  H  I  0  A  i     It  E  A  D  E  it 


property,  equally.  It  ^-oiild  iiaro  been 
^ise  in  the  ]Lsrortl"'.  to  have  said  to  hev  f^ov.th- : 
em  Bisters,  "  If  you  are  not  content  to  dwell  | 
with  1115  longer,  depart  in  peace.  We  will  j 
divide  the  inlieritancc  with  yi-u.  and  may  j 
you  he  a  great  nation."  ] 

5.  This   country .  possesses  r.-iauy    ships,  | 
.=    line  cities'  and  towns,  many  railroads,  | 

sieanihoac s,  canals,  manufactures,  &c.  The  j 
people  are  ingenious,  and  entorprlsing,  and 
are  noted  for  rlicir'tact  in"  ''driving  a  bar- 
gain." ■They  are  refined,  and  intelligent 
on  all  subjects  but  that  of  negro  slavery, 
on  this  they  are  u\ad. 

6.  The  large  lake.=i,  the  long  riv'ers,  the^ 
tall  mountains,  with  the  beautiful  farms  | 
and  pretty  towns  and  villages,  make  this  j 
a  very  interesting  country"  to  travelers.         | 

SCrXEEEN    CONFEDESAgy.  [ 

X.  These  states  lie  south  of  the  United  | 
States,  and  possess  a  warmer  f Hmate.—  i 
The  latter  are  mostly  suited  to  raisingigrain  j 
and  cattle, while  the  former  grow  mortj 
eottoa,  rice,  tobacco,  and  sugar  cane,  witb  ] 
iome  <;attle  and  much  g»aiu.  A  large  por-  j 
tion  of  the  couutry  lies  on  the  sea  coast,  i 
and  is  level  and  sandy.  The  interior  por- 
tions are  hilly  and  mountainous.  i 

2.  This,  country  is  well  watered  by  large  j 
rivers,  and  has  many  fine  harbors.  On  | 
some  of -these  harbors,  are  large  cities;  but  i 
the  Confederate  States  possess  few  ships  and  j 
her  cities  do  not  gfow  so  fast  as  if  there  i 
"Mras  more  commerce.  But  wc  have  reasoi  ' 
to  hope    that  in  a   few  years  wc  shall  tiot ' 


fall  behind  any  ration  in   poinv  oi    jot- 
merce,  or  ship?  to  carry  it  on. 

3.  This  >s  a  great  coi-nt.-y!     The  Yan 
Ic^es  thought  to  starve  ns   out   wheii  "they 
sent  their  ships  to  guaid  oui  seaport  towns. 
Bi'i  we  have  icarnsd  to  rijal:cma,ny  things; 
to  do  without  many  others  ;  and  above  all 
tc  trust  in  the  smiles  of  the  God  of  battles 
We    had   few.  guns,     little    ammunition^ 
and  not  much  of  anything  but  f;)od,  cotton 
and  tobacco;  but  the  people  helped   them-' 
selves  and  God  'Jieiped    tlie   people.     "We 
were  considered  an  indolent,  weak  people 
but  our  enemies  have  'tound  us.stroiiVr,  be- 
cause  we  had  justice  on  our  side.  ^ 

4.  The  Southern  people  are  noted  for 
being  high  minded  and  courteous.  A  sti>an 
ger  seldom  lacks  friends'  in  this  couutry. 
Mush  of  the  field  work  is  dune  by  slaves. 
These  are  generally  well  used  and  often  uayj 
as  iQuch  pocket  money  as  their  mistresses. 
They  are  contentad  t\:i.iQ  hcij  py,  and  mary 
of  thenr  are  christians.  The  sin  of  the 
South  lies  not  in  ho'C'ix,g-  ifla^es.  but  they 
are  sometimes  niistreated.  Let  all  the  lit- 
ile  boys  and  giris  remember  Jiat  slaves  a^e 
human,  and  thai  God  will  hold  them  to  ac- 
count for  treating  them  witli  injustice. 

•  5.  The  Southern  Confederacy  is  at  pres- 
ent a  sad  counviyy  but  Preident.Davis  ie 
a  good  and  wi«t:  man,  and  many  of  tiie 
generals  and  otr.er  officers  in  the  army,  are 
^,)ious.  Tiien  there  are  many  good  praying 
poople  in  the  la.;id  ;  so  >ve  may.  hope  that 
)ur  cause  will  prosper.  ''  When  the  right- 
eous arc  in  authority,  the  nation  rejoicet,'.  ; 


FOE    THE    DIXIE    CHILDREN  1^ 

bnt  when  the  wicked  bear  rule  the  nation  |  tives  do  not  know   anything  about  them, 
mourneth."    Then  remembor.  Jittlo    bo.ya,  I  Some  day,  this  will  becorhe  a  fine  countn 
';\-]ien  you  are  men,   never  fv  vote  for  a  bad ' 
Ti  an  to  govern  thecouniry .  i 

''^^^^^^-  ..ZSSOIN  .Xlli. 

1.  ihis  courjtry  wa«  lounu    to   be  uiore  South  America. 

advanced  than  any x>f  tltc  nations  inhabiting !  -,  .^n  the  .jorfrcrn  part  of  Sonth  Ameri- 
WhAtnenca.  The  J-duuis  were  quiet,,, ^  ..^^  fi,,^  jsTow  Grenada,  Venezuela,  and 
aiKiuun8t.r.ons,andliaario'itgoodliOuses,|jr^,^,^^,^,,r  The  first  is  a  broken  country 
and  ernes,    and    tempies.  ^ They  also   had  consisting  of  .the  .highest  mountains,   tho 

6ome  ciotiies,  and  vessels  Ji  a;old  and  silver.  h:.„,„^f  ..„ii, ,.,    „;.,i-"  ^  >    •>     .  » i  -n       o^ 
_.-,',,  "  *^  'lowest  ">  alleys,  and  most  abrupt  lulls.     The 

They  hr-d  ro  books  ont  mude  pictures  io,,i,„,g  ,,;,|,  j^^.,,  ^j,-  mountain  sides,  and 
^emembertlangstlnitha.pened  [form  many  pretty  ....cades  or  water   falls 

.  2.  But  the  Spaniards  came  and  killed  the  i  p^,^  of  thiscouutrv  is  pioasant  and  health  v 
people,  and  tookthcir  gold  and  silver  and  1 1,„^,    .|,,.  |^,^  -^^^^  ^.^  ^.^^^  ^.^^^.^^.^     rj.j^^ 
lands.     The   Spaniards    th-ni    settled   thei^^^^pi^.  ,,^,,,.  g^.^^^towns   and   schools  and 
country,  but  tiiey   have  never   pi'o^pered.,-!,^,,^}^^.^   1,^^,  ar6^ Very  ignorant.     The  re- 
The  country  i4  still  m  a  '.orn  up  coiKlitlon,  i  ,5^;^^,^^  is  Roman,  Catholic, 
and  they    have  war   nearly  all   the   time.!  "  .  '. 

Tlie  curse  of  heaven  seem?  to  rest  upon  them, '  Edt^^Dcni 

for  trcatiui:?  the  poor  Indians  so  cruelly.        '  ^^.i  ,  ; 

o    HM      \-      ,.    •  -^11         1         i      i.  Ihiscountry  lorms  the  hnost  table  land 

3.   ihe  chuiate  IS  very  mild  and  produces  i .      .         .  -    ,       , 

,1  ^u     i:      4.-    ■■  j'  u  iin. America,     xt  .lies  between  two  rauirofi  of 

all  the  nne  traus   and  many  rare  flowers.    ,      .     ,  ,  .      ,  ,  ,    ^     , 

,ri         •         „.        ,+'      ^„   i.  -■■     .1  1    .1      tiie  Andes,'  and  is  about  thirty  mues  wide 

Ihere  IS  a  range  of  moui  tarns  IJirough  the U^ .      ,  ,         ,  /      , 

•    "..,.•,      •        ,       .  ,    it.js  ai'.vavs  sprmg  there.  .  Ou  the  same 

coautiy.  somci  ot  wnich  ".re  volcamo.       •      L  "mt  /  ,  .^,  -'4  ,<  , 

tree  you  \'\  ill  nnd   large  iind   small  leaves, 

ilowevsand  fruit.     Ji>  one  ti^'kl  y<v,i  see  tlic 

'.UATEMAiA  reapers,  and  in  the  next  the  plowman  scat 

i    Tliis  couiii// occupies  the  most  south- jtbring  seedi     TIm-h    mrning  joiir  eye   up- 

erii  part  of  IToKh    An  erica.     The  climate j '.v.ard,,you  behold  th (J  lolly  tops  ol  the  An 

is  iv.*^  and,  uiiiiealthy.     The  country  has  no,t  j  des,  covered  with  snow.     Should  }ou  climb 

been  so  iapjj'-;^'    jctll- d   a-s  most   others. — ;  one  of  'f  utniiib,    long   bcfop  you 

There  aVo  some  portions  of  stone  buildinr^s  reached  ilio     ,,    vou  would   become  very 


to  bu  tbund.  which  seem  to  have  been  built 


bcforTJ  the  white  people  came  :  uui  the  na-  gush  from   your   nose   a.nd  lips,     ^io  mar 


cold,  your  breath  get  short,   and  the  blood 


G  E  O  G  R  A  P  XI I  C  ^v  I    E  E  a  I)  E  P 


yet  has  been  able  to  reacli  the  top  of  tiie 
tallest  of  these  mountains. 

2.  The  inhabitants  are  ]We\j  and  gay, 
and  live  mostly  on  fiesh  and  fruits.  They 
of  late  years  are  begin lijiig  1o  raise  grain. 
If  yon  should  go  there  to  dine,  yon  would 
jee  ants  running  all  over  the  tabJe,  and 
sometimes  wJien  a  tart  was  cut,  you  -^vould 
find  nothing  but  ants  inside.  In  fact,  in- 
sects are  so  plenty  that  the  people  can 
scarcely  live  for  them.  Xear  the  rivers 
•  there  are  large  serpents,  alligators,  caymans, 
&e.,  which  annoy  the  people  vcrv  much. 

■  VENEZiLlELA. 

1.  This  division  consists  mostly  oi  vast 
plains,  covered  witli  grass.  On  these  arc 
thousands  of.  cattle, , horses,  and  otlier  ani- 
mals. Some  men  own  a  ihon^nr.d  head  ci' 
entile^  others  hunt  wild  ones,  and  sell  the 
hides  and  tallow.  Tke  people  raise  fine  to- 
ba,cco  and  some  grain 

PEKIJ. 

1.  Tliis  is  the  most  noted  r'ounrry  m  South 
America.  The  people  were  more  civil,  a'.id 
lived  more  like  white  people,  than  r.r.y  othe:- 
tribe.  The  filing  or  liiea  ruled  gently,  and 
was  obeyed  as  children  love  and  obey  a 
father.  The  peoplo .  oaid  a  long  time 
there  came  a  *nan  and  his  wife  fi'om 
heaven,  who  lived  with  them,  and  learned 
tliem  to  spin  cloth  and  to  worship  the  snn. 
When  these  people  died,  their  ehildrcu  bo- 
came  rulers  of  the  country. 

2.  When    the  Spaniards  went  to  Pern, 


tiiey  tooiv  the  gold  and  -silver  from  the  na- 
tives, killed  their  Inca,  and  took  possession 
of  the  country.  But  it  has  never  flourished 
since.  These  cruel  Spa?iiards  have  neVer 
prospered  iu  any  country,  as  much  as  some 
.'luiions.  Judgments  will  always  follow 
wickedness. "  . 

3.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  mountainous, 
and  the  climate  is  aelightful.  There  are 
ricV  mines  of  gold  and  silver  there. 

I  BOLIVIA 

I      1.  Tlrio  v\u&  once   a   pare   ot    I'eni.     ItB 
j  nioutitains  are   very   high      Sorato    is   the 
I  highest  mountain. in  the  New  World.     The 
1  table  lands  between    some  of  thesa  moun- 
tains are  so  higl)  that  the  clouds  never  reach 
them.     The  sun  aiways  rises  arid  shir;es  all 
day  long   Iheie.     Would   you   not   like  to 
live' in  one  of  tirose  cities  above  tlie  clouds, 
^•liere   it   never   rains   nor   stoj-ins'?     ATid 
strange  to  say,  there  are  fine  ttelds  of  wlieatj 
rye,  corn,  O^c,  on   these  high  table  lands 
The  land  is  watered  from   rivers  which  run 
dovvii  the  sides  of  the  monntsih^p 

2.  The  city  of  Cnsco  is  found  here.    Tlds 
was  the  residence  ef  Peruvian  Incas,  and  is 
!  a  fine  city  still.     Some  of  their  temples  are 
iyct  tc  be  s(!cn. 

uHILl. 

1.  This  is  a  narrow  strip  of  land,  lying 
l)ctween  tl*?  Andes  ar/;  the  Pacific  Ocean. 
It  iseaned'thc  '■'  garder!  of  Aiineiicn,  Ijecause 
it  is  such  a  fruitful  country.     But  the  peo 
Die  do  not  build  fine  bouses  a.nd  cities,  for 


FOE    THE    DFXIE    CniLDRElSr 


17 


tho  reaeoa  that  there   are  so  msuiy  earth-  j  and  as  large  as  a  common  apple  tree,  cactus 

qur.kots.     I  am  sure   jou  would  not  like  to  I  twenty  feet  li?gh,  &c.     He   also   learns  to 

live  waere  there  are  earthquakes  every  few  drink  Pari;p;ray  tea,  which  isquitepleasanl;,' 

ye^ars.     Somotimes  a  whole  city  sinks,  and  {  but  it  is  difficult  to  leave  off  the  us^e  of  it 

•eometiraco  a  city  is  raised  up  higher.      But  [after  drinking  id^while. 

tho  people  there  are  cheerful  a  fid    do  not       3.  Gum  Elastic  of  India  Rubber  is  made 

seem  to  fear  danger  more  than  we  do.  from  a  tree  growing  in  this  country.     A 

2.  The  Indians  in  this  section  are  very  hole  is  made  in  »  limb,  and  the  sap  drips 

warlike  and  cruel;  and  disturb   the  white  upon  a  piece  of  leather.     When  this  dries 

people  very  much.     Chili  once  belonged  to  it  is  fit  for  use. 

•Spain,  but  aftcf  a  bloody  war  they  became 

fro. 


•rATAOOXIA. 

i."  This  is  a  cold   region   occupying  the 
eoutTiern   point    of  South  America 


4.  There  are  many  horses  in  this  country, 
and  tlio  people  seldoixi    walk.     Even    the 
beggar  begs  on  horseback.    The  people  live 
in  low  mud  houses  which  are  so  full  of  vei^ 
Theji^in  that  they  often  wrap  up  in    skins  and 
country  is  barren,  and  tke  savages  so  cruel  'sleep  outdoors,  when  the  weather  is  .warm 
that  few  white*  people  go   there.     A  large  j 


island  nearby  contains  many  volcanoes,  and 
is  called  Terra  Del  Fiiego.  or  the  land  of 
fire. 

LA  rLA.TA. 

1.  This  country  lies  cast  of  .Chili.  Its 
name  denotes  silvci,  aud  is  so  called,  be- 
cause so  niueli  silver  ^as  found  there. 
Tho  climate  is  pleasant,  the  country  level,  j  ers  is  very  rich,  but  the  climate  is  unheal- 
and  the  soi  1  good.  Sonie  of  the  vast  plains  |  ihy,  and  few  peojvlc  live  there.  But  people 
iiT'o  coverL'd  with  thistle  an'd  clover,  some  I . ire  settling  there,  and  soon  this. will  be  a 
with  tall  grass,  and  some  v.'i*^h  tree*     There  dcliijhtful  country. 


BKAZIL. 

1.  This  division  occupies  about  half  of 
South  America.  Its  mountains  are  not  so 
high  as  some,  but  its  rivers  are  very  large. 
The  Amazon  is  the  largest  in  the  world.  It 
Is  one  hundred  and  seventy-r.ve  miles  wide 
at  its  mouth.     The  land  near  the  large  riv- 


are  many  wild  horses  and  cattle  in  thest 
plains,  and  sometimes  whea  the  dry  grass- 
and  tliistle  stalks  get  on  fire,  hundreds  o! 
thcui  are  burned  to  death. 

2.  There  the  traveler  find ■*  many  singula; 
j^iKnts  and  ti\c>^.  X  pip?  with  cor^s  a 
■  &TgQ  as  a  childV  he.id,  the  'oedn  of  whiul 
arc  good  "to  cat ;  reeds  aa  tall   as   our  trees, 


2.  This  is  perhaps  the  most  l.»cautiful  part 
of  South  America.'  Many  pretty  plants 
vvjiich  we  cultivate  with  so  jnuch  care  are 
there  growing  wiifl.  Tliere  are  orangt 
proves  benring  botii  fruit  and  blossoms  at 
he  same  time,  g;iy  flowers,  graceful  creep 
iig  phm^H,  and.  trees  ten  times  as  large  at 
any  we  Lave 


15 


GEOGRAPHICAL      R  ji:  A  D  E  E 


3.  As  the  traveler  walks,  the  earlh  ecemb 
to  be  alive  >vitli  insect:,  n-Lib  birds  of 
beautifm  plumage,  make  the  forest  iSug, 
with  their  cheerful  songs.  There  a:'e 
many  cattle  iu  the  t-ouiuPy,  but  tlioj  ?re 
generally:  raised  for  li^f.  You  will  be 
surprised  to  hear  that  taoy  obtain  juiiik 
from  a  tree  called  the  ccw  tree.  Ibey 
make  holes  in  these  trees,  and  go  oarij  in 
the  morning  with  jugs  to  get  milk  for  tlie 
family.  It  looks  and  tasts  much  like  cow 
milk,  and  when  it  stands  awhile,  a  yellow 
substance  rises  to  the  top  like 'cream.  The 
milk  also  becomes  tougli  after  standing  in 
the  air,  and  the  people  then  call  it  cheese. 

4.  There  are  many  large  animals  and 
hnge  serpents,  and  frogs  as  large  as  a  child's 
heaa.  The  '  inhabitants  arc  ignorant. 
There  arc  many  negro  slaves,  who  are  often 
crnelly  treated,  and  whose  masters  are  but 
little  better  off  than  the  slaves.  Many  of 
these  slaves  are  kept  hunting  for  diamonds 
and  gold  dust.  The  people  •  arc  tco  indo- 
lent to.  make  good  farmers.  They  plan* 
grain  almost  in  the  woods,  and  cultivate 
3t  but  little.  Bat  in  a  few  years  this  will 
become  one  of  the  finest  farming  countries 
in  the  world.  Sevreral  missionaries  have 
gone  there  to  preach  to  the  people. 


LESSON"  XIV. 
Virginia. 

1 .  Tills  large  State  lies  in  the  north  east- 
ern part  of  the  Southern  Confederacy.  It 
ic  frequently  called   th  e  "  Old  D>jminion  " 


The  western  part  is  jmountainous,  the 
middle  hilh'  ana  tne  eastern  level.  The 
sjil  i=  mostly. good  an'1  yov  v.ill  find  iarge 
plantations,  bearing  fine  crops,  numbers 
of  thj  iinesl  otock.  Westcr^i.  Virginia  is 
one  of  the  finest  gra,zing  sections'  in  the 
ooulll^  AH  pursontiwjio  are  fond  of  .rood 
tjeef,  milk,  bntfcr  and  cheese  would  do  well  . 
to  settle  there.  .  * 

i.  Tlie  higlier  class  of  society  is  noted  for 
hospitality  and. for  high  living.      Some  of* 
these  claim  to  'be  deseendimts  of  Pocahon- 
tas,' which  they  consider   a   great    honor. 

j  \  on  know  Pocahonta-  was  the  Indian  girl 

I  who  saved  the  life  of  Captain  John  Smith, 

Idnring  the    curly    settlement  of  Virginia. 

!  The  people  used' to  have  .many   wai's  with 

I  the  Indians,  and  then  they  bore   their  pari 

■  in  the  Revolution  and  in  liie'>varof  1812. 

I      3.  In  the  wt.r  for  independence,  thif  State 

I  has  suffered  ahiiosb  us  mucii'as  any,  Ilun-' 
dreds  of  families  vrere  run  from  their  fiomes, 
and  lobi  ail  -they  had  except  their  cloth.Cs, 

I  or  a  little  money.  Many  lionses  and  farms 
were  dcstj'oycd,  and  the  country  laid  waste. 

j  Such  are  the  efiects  of  war. 

-4.  This  State  has  many  fine  rivers  :•  the 

!  Potomac  and  the  .-Tamc3  are  the  largest. 
There  are  several  rail  roads,  and  canals,  ar.d 
one  of  the  fir.Cbt  harbors  in  the  world. 
Norfolk  was   the   main  sea-port  town  and 

j  contained  a  fine  navy  yard;  but  the  enemy 

i  has  spui led  it  very  pinch. 

j     Il'^ehmoiid  city  ia  the  cnpital  of  ^he  State. 

I  and  also   (jl  the   Confederacy.     This    is.  a 


VoE   xnE   gixiE    CHILDkEK 


Id 


goodly  sized  city  on  James  .river.  Pri?sl-  [  and  corn  and  cotton  mostly  in  the  eastern 
dent  Davis  resides  tlierc.  and  Congres.^  I  and  south-orn.  Tbe  soil  of  about  half  the 
meets  tliere  to  make  law.^  Many  of  tiic! State  is  good,  but  much  of  the  other  is  so 
large  buildings  are  used  for  )io?i>itnl'^.  and;  thin  that  thote  who  ^live  on  it  are  very 
there  are  thou t;auds  of  si«;k  and  uounded  I  poor.  The  swamp  lands  in  the  east  are 
soldiers  constantly  thovc.  TIutc  is  said -very  fertile.  Tlie '.veet  is  suited  to  grazlno 
to  he  much  wic^cedncss  ni  the  city  —we  mculi  by  this,   grass  grows  well,  and 

6.  There  are  a  good  many  ifianulaetQrics  c'lttle  are  easily  raised.  ,     • 

I  n  this  State,  and  almost  all.  kinds  of  articles!  3.  1*licre  are  ma-ny  large  riverti  in  this 
ire  made.  ^But  the  country  produces  corn, '  State,  and  the  low  grounds  alonf  them  are 
wheat,  tobacco,  &c.,  in  great  abundance. :  vofy  foi  tiie.*  Some  of  the  principal  are 
There  are  many  planters  M-ho  own  large '  Tar,  Neuse,  Cape  Fear,  Yadkin,  Dan, 
numbeis  of  slaves.  The^-i  are  generally  |  French  Broad,  &Cv  Steam  boats  ply  on 
rell  treated,  and  are  :i«  liappy  a  people  as  thq,  eastern  Hvers.  There  aup  some  caiialfi 
my  under  the  sun.  -  Tf  they  are  su-k  ?{?im'-'  in  the  cact.  There  are  also  several  railroads 
't'r  sends-for  the  doctor,  if  tlie  crop  ib short,  ;i!i  the  eastern  and  middle  parts  of  the 
'hey  are  siye  of  enough  to  save  lif?  ;  if  they  I  State. 

;ie  growing;  old,    they  kno\v-   they  will  Uf-^      4.  Beaui-.-.   and  Morehead  City  vire  sea 
irovid|^for:  andjn  time  of  war,  tJicy  gel^j  port  tov^-n?      Wilming'ioii  is  a  large  com- 
era II y  remain  quietly  at  home,  while   thclxiercial  town  near  the  mouth  of  Cape  Foar 
master  gOQS   and   spills   his   blood  fortius  i  River.     This  is  noted  for   its  trade   in  tar, 
country.  •  ^  I  pitch  and  "tr.rpoitine.    which  are  produced 

!  abundantlv  in  the  eastern  p.^rt  of  the  State. 

~~'     "  iNewberu   wns    «•  plea:iant  town,  but   the 

LESSON  XT.  ei\eniy  have  spoiled   it.    and   driven   away 

.,     ,,    „       ,.  the  people.     Fayetteville  on  the  Cape  Fear, 

im   (./uml)erland  county,  js    a   large  town. 

1.  bouth  of  ^'irgii;ia,*  wo  lind  another' The  State  Arsenal  is  located  here,  and 
large  State,  called  North  Carofina.  Liko,^  many  guns  arc  made.  The  guns  and  gnn 
the  former,  the  wes'.ern  portion  is  moun-  iMaciiinery,  were  moved  from 'Ilarper's 
tainous,'the  middle  hilly,  and  eastern  level  ,  Ferry  to  "this  place,  since  the  war  began. 
But  there  arc  not  so  many  high  moirntains  The  city  of  lialeigh  near  the  middle  of  the 
in  this  State  as  in  t!'^  )thcr  -  •  '  ''y^tato,  is  the  capital.  This  is  often  called 
middle  part  so  h:;iy.  ^.  1..=   "  City  of  0;'.kf=."     Greensboro.    Salis- 

2.  Wheat,  oats,  rye,  coni:  and  tobacco,  '.^ry,  Charlotte,  and  St&tcsvillfi  arc  fine 
.^  r\i3C'^    "•  •  he  north-westeni"  portion:  tow  ni  oa  till)  railroida,    Salem  u  noted  as 


20 


G  E  0  G  E  A  P  n  I  C  A  L     11  E  A  D  E  E 


a  German  settlement,  and  forit&  celebrate ij  usually  punishes  wicked  nations  by  Avar.  I 
echoole  for  ycnng  ladies.  mean  by  thjs  thai  wiien  people  become  too 

5.  The  people  of  this  State  are  acted  iji  wicked,  tie  i^ives  them  over  to  a  hardness 
their  honesty,  and  for  being  "slow  but '  of  heart  to  vrqrk  out  their  own  punishment, 
enre."  No  braver  men  fought  in  the  \va;r '  and  someiiracs  destruction.  How  inv.ch 
for  independence  than  those  .from  North  better  fen*  all  to  be  good. 
Carolina.  AVhile  some  few  cowards  refused  I  2.  This  ^tai:e  is.  mostly  level  and  sandy, 
to  fight  for  their  country,  it  is  a  notable  fiict,  [The  climate  is  very  mild,  and  suited  to  rais 
that  nearly  all  of  them,  were  of  the  ignorant  j  ing  vegetable^  and  fine  fruits.  There  are 
class,  and  many  of  them  did  not  know  what!  not  so  many  apples,  peaches,  ^ears,  grapes, 
patriotism  was.  AVe  should  feel  as  muchiifec,  raised  here  as  in  Nortli  Carolina;  but- 
pity  for  them  as  contempt,  because  they  figs  and  oranges  can  be  grown;  ai.d  before 
had  not  been  properly  tauglj^.  the  gardens   of  Virginia   are   planted,  the 

•'6.  Education  was  much  neglected  fn  the  I  pea's  and  snaps  of  Charleston  arc  blooming. 
Old  Koi-th  State,  until  within  a  few  years  \  (Torn,  cotton^  and  rice  M\i  principal  products 
past.      She  now  has  as  many  good  schools. of  tiie  soil. 

and  colleges  as  any  sister  State.  Good!  3.  In  "this  State,  as  v.'cll  as  in  IS orlh  Car- 
people  are  now  building  up  schools- to  cdu-Jolina,  there  aremany  cotton  mil  Isand  wool- 
carte  the. children  of  poor  soldiers  who  are]  en  factories,  which  produce  eiRllent  do- 
killed  in  this  w:^.r.  Nearly  every  child  can  |  mestics  and  jeans,  besides  spinning  much 
get  an  education  here  if  he  will  be  industri.  j  cotton  yarn  for  the  motliers  aod  sisters  to 
ous.     Who  will  be  ignorant  ?  |  weave  up.     In  aome  of  these  factories,  ne- 

gro slaves  perform  the  woik. 

4.  The  people  of  this  State  are  noted  for 
their  chivalry.  You  do  not  understand 
ihis?  Well,  when  any  one  in)pose3  upon 
tliem  their  moU»  is  to  iiglif.  Aliso  if  they 
.see  a  person  badly  treated,  they  feel  bound 
ro'help  him.  Their  leading  uicn  have  some 
limes  been  .  called  "  hot  headed,"  because 
they  are  so  quick  to  resent  an  injury. 

5.  Tlie  upper  classes  are  educated  and  re- 
fined, but  the  poor  are  generally  igncirant, 
Most  of  iiie  labor  is  peribrined  by  slaves. 


;      LESSON  XVI 

South  Carolira. 

1.  Tills  is  a  small  State  lying  south  of 
JS^orth  Carolina.  It  is  washed  on  the  south 
and  east,  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  It  is  oftei; 
called  the  "  Palmetto  State."  This  was  the 
lirst  to  secede.  Many  persons  blamed  th( 
South  Carolinians  for  leaving  the  Unior. 
too  soon;  butifc  may  have  been  best;  it  it 


impossible    for  us  to   decide.      '  Tlic   waj  [These  arc  hirdly  so  well  treated  as  in Nortk 
would  have  come,   sooner  or  kter.    Qm  \  Carolina  iiiii  Virginia  ;  but  they  have  the 


czruHna^ 


For     -Jiii-      OlXiE     OniLDHEN.  21 

gospel  preac;ied  to  them,  and  are  generally  ifine'rorestR  nf  r^n^i  o«  i      i 
contented  and  Juppy  ,      ,  '  f  ^,^  ^""^  ''*^''   "^^^  '^^"^P^ 

C.  Charleston  i?  lie  ^n,n  oit/ and  is  ^C^7\    Then  comes  a  section  of  1,15^- 

eeaport  to.n  .ith  a  fine  l.rb;!^b:;:l;w|:  ^S^:^^^^ 

is  tlie  capital  of  the  S^ate     Tiiis  ^^ps  •>    "    . '      ^^'^e    eacJung  to  tl.c  foot  of  the  hilly  ro 

roads,  ,nd  otl.ur  ma^ks  of  .T,rl  H,  m'?^  ■       M       ''"'"^  ■"■"?''"'  """^  "™"-    ^"  "-^ 

this  an  interesting  p" '  e       '  *■'  I T     ""  ''""  '"'"  *°  ^'"°  ^'^^^  "■"*  «<""' 

^    rp.  0     '•"-  f other  mountains. 

wlL^^"  :;:"]^^:^L7;r  "^  r ^^'  -^'-"^  l  ^  ^^  ^^-  '---•!-'  --rs  .re  the  Savannah, 
wiuui  tne  people  ni:.ke  tar,  p.u-h  ana  t^ir-  ChatlahocK^I.ee,  and  Altamaha  Thpfir«t 
pontine:  these  are  shipped  and  sold  in  .th-  Js  navi-.ahle  4)  nl^     In  i'-  !, 

er  conntriPQ      Pm^/.„-      .'  ,  M^*  "*^^ ^-^^^'"^ '^«>^  n«des ,  large  slnps  ascBTid 

«^e  e   0  Wod-1 ;        rf,     "  "■";•    '"  '""■''  ^'  "^  *'"•'  <="^  "'  «''vannal,*   Many  of.  th. 

7.n,.l,„,         I  ,  ,  ,     ^"'-'^  "'«l"'«l™t5  of  tlic  country  are  eaailv 

i.lL?  J  n^h-".'"  „;'  ;"'"■•?■  ^^••"'';''  :-'--"J  '"  •"•-'■iet-  Cotton  and  rice  ar^  tl.e 
Umelw  ,.       •-•"^cr^J^-.t,.  l.vo  oak    princi,,a!  productions,   bnt   mud,  Inn.ber, 

D„    l^rl  r,  '^'""■•' '^""«-  TV™'«-oscr„en,inora,s  in  the  State;  gold 

Cnt  tlic  enemy  have  spo.led  most  of  -these,  i,  the  «,r,st  abnnda.)f      ■ 

inu  stolen  munv  of  tlio  neo-roes  who  till'  '1       i    ti      ••       »•  o  ' 

■he  land      Tl„.v  f^M '.i    ^<''"'=''  ""» '^"- J ,     3.  The eity  ol   Savannah  stands  on  the 

-lie  laild.     lliey  told  the  slaves  they  were  r,  ver  of  (ho  same  name,  SO  feet  above  the 

oa\  anuah  river,  we  find  the  city  of  Augua^ 
ia.     Jt    is  an  inqx.rtant  city,  and  is  hand-. 
i.-oiu'jly  l.iii't.     The  streets  are  said  to  be 
LESSON"  \VI1  .^Ijadr-d   by    tho   piit;^   of  India.     Therein 

'    '  »M:eh  <:otroii   shiiuxd  from  this  place :  and 

*"■   ■  i  .iie  people  of  this  bectiori  arc  very  enter 

ilm  15  almost  as  large  a  r^uiw  as  V  „•-  pri^in-  i:.  all  kindd  of  business.  Millcdire 
••  -Ihe  climate  is  pleasant.  Ti.o  snr- j  villc  is  the  c.nuir^  nf  t:,..  s"...,  0...1  ,•«  „ 
^varied.     Tiie  sea   cpas^   is  level  fr  1 ,  pleasant  pi 

"''^'^1  wi,tii  lie  Cherokee    ludianb  occupied  par' 


2S 


•;,  t  O  G  B  A  P  H  I  0  A  J.     K  E  A  D  E  K 


rf  thi.  State,  and  had  learned  to  livemuch  gro .«  here  n.  abnnd  no  .     -^^  <-^';    ^ 
Fike  the  ^toepeoplc.    They  had  fi,>c  turn,  i  th.s  tree  ,s  used  f""^";,^' ''  '„'';^°'^^  ^^  , 

^ith  slaves  to  ^ork  them,  good  l'«"^=^. ; ''' S^^f ''T"';"' ,  "j^V  '  ^  "r  !o<. 
mnch  eattle,  shee;,,  hogs  and  Ho.es.     They  |  of  tnnbe,.  for  b«.U-.J-  J-    C  <>-  Jj, 

the  whit:  people  n,ade  a  treaty  .iththenO  of  its  hnop^^^^^^^^  ^,^, 

,0  pay  th«m  5,UU0.O00  d^  a„  to  -'--  ^  .^^    ."b  'itain  th™  to  Spain  igain,  an« 
Indian  Territory,  where  they  we^o  l.av     t^  G  ^^ ,  ^^  ,^^^  ^  i^^^^     ^^  .^  ^_^^ 

«ven  milhons  acres  of  re.  !"-   .  S''/""  ^  ;' ;^f  „,^  g^.a,,,,.  Confederacy.    It  is  saJ. 
mr  •   tir  :e  -:;^L:ti:;L,eeah...r,orida  .on.  hearing  ..an, 

!r:S;:^twi  t-;::  s;dt^?T^^.  a-s-^^^-o  is  .i.  o,dest  to^.  >^ 

rrd:>i.h.heSonthinthegreaUt.g.|~^^^^^^ 

gleformaependencc  ^^^^^^^^^^^  ^^^^   ^.^^^.^^  possesses  few   good 

,  ■  I  harbors.  • 

o.  Tl'e  Imllar.s  111  this  State  did. not  wu 

LESSOIS"  .XVJIl  ;  50  remove  west:  and,  thov.gh  tlicy  agrcec 

Fiorina.  to  go,  yot  tl.Sir  able  chinf,  Oseola,  declared 

1.  This  .s  a  peninsula  ly,ng  between  the|  war  a,Kl  ga.  e  the  United  State,  mv^htrou- 
Atlantic  Ocean  and   the   Gulf  of  ^-1- !  W-     Tins  bravo  ch.e..^^^^^^ 

.       .  1        «„^   ^t>i.ii  ^nd  his  neoide  submitted  to  tlie  wniies. 

The  extreme  point  is  very  low,  and  oilen  '  and  ins  pe  i  k 

mostly  eover^d  with  water.     The-  middle       «^^ '"-^ ''^  "''    '"of F  or  da     Tl 
portion  is  level,  and   sandy,  covered    with  ties  fonnd  on  the  eoast  ot  Florida,     ih. 

pine  forests.    But  there  arc  a  few  spots  ot 
good  soil   which   make  life  fr.inis.'  .Tin 


are  four  sorts^thc  Kreen,  so  esteemed 
soup;  the  Hawkhill.^d,  whose  shell  make, 
sucii  pretty  comhs;  the  Trunk  turtle,  and 


eonntry  is  well  watered-with  rivers,  many  such  pretty  cora.,sMe   ...  ....^.,  ^    ^ 

of  which  are  navigable  some  distance.  The  the  Loggerhead.     ^:^  '^  »7,',,;*°JM 
cUmate  is  very  mild.     Or^tnges,  tigs,  pome'  eggs  the  t-tle  digs  a    o  e  -    - -"^  ^^^^ 

granates,&c.,  grow   there  in   al ^-^Z^t^TpJ:::l^::rZ^:,^ 

with  many  heantifnl  flower..  '  s,,JtTc„  ^rs  theinup  with  sm.^     'nie  turd^ 

2.  Cottonjs  the  staple  p-—n,     ^   i  ,;f --  f  .^^  intLlre  water  and   leav« 

^ZZ^X^:.    m:iiv:raki:hes.i...atchtheogge.    Henhuntthc, 

i 


•i  £  O  [Ir  R  A  r  n  I  0  A  L      READER 


23 


■'^c  and  sell  theni.  •  Ti,c,  u.-v^  iroiu  150  w 

0  in  a  iicsr,  and  tliey  are  rtonsi'lfi'od  very 

J  for  eating.     As  soon  as  the  young  tur- 

:al-&,  hatoh,  tho}'^  scratch  out  ot'the  saud  and 

betake  tlieinselvcs  to  the  "vrater 


xilabamar 

1..  This  State, lies  west  or"  Georgia,  jind 
uorth  of  Florida.  The  Bine  Kidge  extends 
into  the  Northern  part,  the  middle  is  a  vast 
plain,  and  the  Southern  consists  of  a  dead 
level,  but.  little  above  the  surface  of  the 
sea.  This  is  covered  with  pin'?  barrens  and 
prairies.  Tlie  cane  Inkes,  ^yhen  cleared  off 
ajJbrd  tlie  best  coiton  lands.  S"igar  cane 
and' rice  also  grow  finely  In-  this  ivgior.     * 

2.  This  State  iilibrdscoal.  iron,  gold,  and 
marble,  but  the  mines  have  not  been  ex- 
tensively   "vrorked.      There    is-  not   much 

(^manvifactnring,   i:or  a   great  dc»l   of^coni- 
•  tnerec.     The  people   are   inostly   planters, 
and  own  many  slaves.     These  are  general- 
ly well  treated,  and  hnve  the  gospel  preach- 
*xl  to  them.  • 

3.  Mobile,  at  the  month  of  the  Mobile 
River  is  the  principal  city.  Montgomery 
'8  the  capital  of  the  State,  and  is  situated 
on  the  Alabama  Kivcr.  The  Mobile  River 
'8  formed  bj'  the  junction  of  the. Alabama 
and  the  Tombigbj',  Steaoiboats  run  on 
both  these  rivers,  and  ships  ascend  the 
ATnl'lo  some  dLttanco 


LESSON  XX. 

1    Wcet  of  Alabama,  we  find  the  State  ol' 

I  Miestssippi.     This  is   mostly  level,    iuter- 

;  spersed  with  hills.     These  liills  often  iiave 

one  Gido  steep,  and  one  called  bluffs.     The 

western  border  along  .the  Mississippi   con- 

;  sists  of  BT/ai'aps.     Between  the   Yazoo  and 

'Mississippi  Rivers,   there  are  7000  square 

jjiiiles  of  this  swamp  land,  wliic.h  are  over- 

j  flowed  nearly  every  year.     The   tanks  of 

I  the  rivers,  there- are  very  low,    and   when 

the  snow  melts  up  north,  some  two  or  three 

thousand  miles,  and  all  accumulates  in  the 

Father  of  Waters,  as  the  Mississippi  is  call 

ed.  iiis  banks   are    unable   to   contain   the 

Tnighty  torrent. 

2,  The  people  h^ve  built  high  Avails  of, 
dirt  along  the  hanks  of  these  rivers  to  pre- 
vent the  hiirh  water  from  overflowing  the 
lands.  These  arc  called  levees.  During 
the  war,  the  enemy  have  broken  down  the 
levee?  on  the  western  side  of  the  Mississip 
I  pi,  and  caused  thousands  of  acres  to  be 
I  overflowed. 

!     3.  This  State  is   well  watered  by  many 
fine  streams.    -Several  of  these  are  naviga- 
ble.    The  Mississipp:    is  4,100  milos  long, 
I  jvnd  is  said  tu  be   the  longest  river  in  the 
I  %\'orld.    The  Amazon  in  South  America  ib 
I  larger,  but  is  not  quite  so,long.     No  river 
in  Europe  or  Asia  can  compare  with  thos^ 
Jackson  is  thecapital  of  t  c  State.  Natchez, 
j  235  ii-i!c3  above  New  Oj  leans,  is  a  beauti- 
!ful  city,  but  is  •subject  to  the  yellow  fever 
occaMOiua^.ly.     Larire  ships  come  up  to  thii 


VTf.T 


-^  •  'CJK    THE    DIXIE    OHILBREJ^ 

place,  and  some  jears  there  aio  about   fif-  \  ^^asor   a  Uv  .r  f.^n.f   ^f  >   '       ■ 

tytLousand  bales  01  cotton   iA^.^  f^or^     '  ^      "'  '^  ^^^^trj  .s  inunda. 

its  port  .      *  9    ,.-,      ^r-    •    • 

TT  ^  •  :     --   -^''- -^'i'l^Sippi  kivcr  lormsinebbn" 

4.  Hero  Tvas  formeHj  the  residence  oft)  cjciary  line  bctvvcLM.  tlii.s  Sfate  au'i  Mi^^*-  ' 
great  sun,  tire  cbief  of  that  wrrerfal  tribej!^'.  "'itii  n.i.v.rt  vr.v  from  its  inonh''''^T-' 
of  Indians  called  th  3  ^^uohca.     Ttoj  were  jg'vat  river  tbrows  ^ff  brandies  wbl^^tt;^ 
more  pol 
and  had 
^•^orship 

sun,  ana  kept  aconstant  bnnnno  tJicreoii  |at  wliicli  limesthev  bec•on^c  wide-spreadincr 
inhor^or  of  the  Great  Spirit.  When  theTke  Mississippi  has  several  inouths  as  these 
French  went  there,  the  natives  received  i  bajons  are  called,  and.  the  ^md  betweerj 
them  kindly,  but  soon  they  disM^^rced,  and  j  theni  is  called  jhe  Delta  of  thejiver 
the  Indians  killed  the  whole  settlenient.j  ^-  New  Oj-leans  stand.;  on  the  Mississip 
The  French  then  sent  a  great  force  into  the  j  l>i  and  is  the  largest  commercial  cityin  the 
country,  and  killed  many,  and  inade  slaves  j  t'outheri:  Gonfeoeracy.  It  gfands  on  a  dead 
of  nearly  all  the  rest  of  the  tribe.  |  level,  and  at  high  water,  the  river   wouM 

5.  This  section  once  belonged  to  thcK>veriiow  it,  but  for  the'levees,  or  embanb- 
French,  then  to  Great  Britain,  then  v.-a?t'nt?"t6  of  earth,  which  arc  thro'wn'np  topre- 
olaimed  by  Spain  ;  and  finally  ceded  totlu  ( '-'c-t  this.  Some  times  those  levees  break 
United  States.  .At  tlic  beginning  of  tiu  |>iiid  -cubiderable  damage  is  dona  The 
war  for  Independence,  thir^  State  seceded  j  traveler  is  stiT'ch  with  die  narrow  street- 
and  has  nobly  done  her  part  iv  the  grreal  |  and  old  .fashioned  houses.  Hut  the  newer 
^^^'•^g°'^-  ]  portions  of  the  city  are  built  in  good  styij 

:  f-'^  '''''%  ^lere  is  iialf  a  mile  wide,  and 

'  ^^^-oni  one  hundred  to  one  hundred  and  sixty 

LESSOX  XXI  :  '*'^'  f^^'P''  ^"^  '^  continues  about  the  same 

-      ,  ,  ^  ^^'^^^^Ji  ai'd  depth  down  to  the  sea.     Lar-e 

LOBlhlaBa..  I  ,i,ip,  lie  dose  ujy  to  the  levees,  and  hundred. 

L  i^omsiana  presents  a  broad  front  to  ihf    A  theoi  may  be  seeu  lyiui?  upon  the  w-f-; 

eea  of  about  three  hundred  miles.     The  sur    .ike  a  forest  of  tall  trees.  * 

face  of  this  State  is  low  and  level,  uith  ]  '  4.  The  inhabitants  of  this  city  drink  wa 

some  little  hilly  ranges,  and   many  basin.  |  ^er  from  the  river.     This  is  always  muddy 

or  low  spots.     A  good  portion  of  the  State  I  ind  has  to  be  filtered  or  allowed  to  s^rttd  ■ 


is  lower  than  the  bed  of  the  Mississij-tpi,  ant 
oonsequcatly,  when  the  floods  come  eve:-} 


.nd  in,  warm  weather,  the  people  buy  ice  to 
;ool  it.     This  ice  is  shipped   around   froa- 


FOR    THE    DIXIE    CHILDREJ^ 


25 


New   York,  and    i-  a    i)roiitublc   business. 
Tliecity  is  very  subject  to  ycUo\v  fever. 

:<.  The  \lci\  Kiver  is  tlic  larg;est  eastern 
braiicli  ol"  the  Mississippi.  It  rises  in'tlic 
Rocky  Diouutains,  and  after  a  course  of  two 


LESSON  xxfr. 

Texas. 

1.  This  cuuiitry  once  formed  a  i)art  of 
3Iexi.eo;  but  tlie  people  rebelled,  and  after 
a  short  war,  became  independent.  It  was 
afterwards  annexed  to    the  United  States, 


thousand  nnles  enters  i..to  tlu-  Father  of  but  now  Ibnns  a  pa,-t  of  the  Sunthern  Con- 
Waters  in  this  State.     About  tive  hundred  f^^^pj-j^r-y 

n.iles  ui>  this  river  was  found  a  raft  extend-j  ^'r^^  j.^^^^^,  ^^.^^^  ,,,,,„.  ,^,^^^^^j  ^.^^.  ^j^^.  ^.^^._ 
ing  one  hun.lred  and  sixty  miles.  This  was  j  ,,g^  ^,^.  I,^„l  „^,,,  ^^.j,,,  ,.^;„  ^^^,^^.  ^^  ^.^^.^^^ 
f<.rmed  by  trees  falling  in  the  river,  and  had  I  i^^.i,^^,  p.uuished  ;  but  of  late -years  it  has 
t..  bo  clernvd  out  before  vessels  could  a.- ;  ,,^.^.,^„^^,  a  thrivin/Stat.>.  It  is  a  fine  conn- 
^"^'"  I  try  for  grazing,  and  much  ytock  is   raised. 

0.  Louisiana  was  lirst  occu].ied  by  the j The  climate  is  mild,  but  somewhat  unplca- 
French.  Tt  was  afterwards* ceded  to  Spain,  ..^ant.  You  may  ride  out  of  a  pleasant 
then  to  France  again,  and  linally  to  tlie  evening,  and  bef(.a'  you  return  the  wind 
Fniled  States.  This  was  one  of  the  early  xyill  blow  up  so  cool  that  yon.  return  t.(7takc 
States  to  secede  when  the  revolution  broke!  up  your  blanket*  for  sleeping.  These  an- 
on t ;  and  nobly  has  she  done  her  part,  ^called  Northers,  and  blow  up  very  suddenly. 
This  State  i)roduced  the  gallant  Beaurc-iThe  nights  are  cool  all  the  time  in  this  sec- 
giird,  the  general  whose  iiame|is  familiar  in  ]  tion.  No  matter  how  oppressive  the  heat 
every  household.  ^  niay  be  by  day,  you  are  ahvays  sure  of  a 

7.  The  French  laiigujigo   is  much  spoken  ;  cool  night, 
in  this  State,  and  the  Roman  Catliolic  is       ''•    This   State    has    several    fine    river? 
]»erhaps    the   lu'cvailing   religion;    though   emptying   ijito  the  sea.     Oalveston    is  the 
there  arc  many  of  other  sects  at  the  present  pi'bicipal    seaport    town.      Austin     is    thf 
time.  Tlie  State  has  suffered  greatly  during  capital.     This   State  has  not  suffered  much 
the  war.     The  i)eo[>lc  have  been  roljbed  and   from  war. 
sent  from  their  homes   in  many  cases,  and 
tlie  towns  an<l  cities  pillaged  and  burned. ' 

'^.  The  soil  is  Hdai)tcd  to  the  culture    »^'  LI'SSON  XXlll. 

cotton   and  'sugar,    and     is    mostly.  «cood.  .  i^i  „„.--. 

Some  ot  It  l^  black  as  ink.,  Baton  RouiTc  is        .     ^,,  .    .  .    ,  ,    ,. 

,  .,    ,        .  •  *"  1.    11ns  IS  one  ot    tlie  ijcw  btatet.      It  Iicf- 

tlie  cainlul.  ,  1       ■  .  ,  -.r.  .        .  t  -i». 

Iictwceii   Louisiana  and  jh.».-<iU]-i :  witJiMin 


J5         .  QEOOOEIAP.H.IOAL..,RE  ABJEI^, 

6l5*sippi  and  T\^nesscc  on  the -cast,  nmVIr.-jtlic  Confederacy.  On  the  east  thq  Missis- 
dian  Territory  oh  tl,i.(?,  vest.  Tlie  sui-fiiccis|sippi  separates  it  from  IlhhoJs,  Kentucky, 
l>ro]c,CA  and  lilly,  ^vith  soino  inauiitai,ns.  land  Tennessee;  on'theivest  ^ve  lind  Indian 
Tliccnsum  i)art  of.1'l\e,S,tate,ne\t  the  Mi^"  i  T'^''^^'**^^'-^'  ^^^^'^^^  'Wisconsin,  and  sonth  Ar- 
sJFsippi'  i.  Ij.vel  ?\ji.d  ■s.wanii-jN;.  ,  Bnt,  v.\iK-h  of  j  ktiR^as.  Part'  of  the  country  is  hilly  .and 
tliLs.i&.iio.w  dvaiued  .oft^Au4,  vaider  ciddy,^- 1  nionntainous,  .hiit  -ather  poi-tions  are  .v^r.y 

Uom ■,:    -      ■.    I    r.„;   ..•.,.   /.".,■',„.' |  low  and  niar^^lij..  •    '  .  ■  ,.,  ,  ■-, 

2.  Arkansas  is  well  supplied  with  ,nayi-,|  '  -2:  The  State  is  well  watered,  the  ;\Iissiii- 
./rahle  streams,.  The.Ark'ansas;  thervud,  thelsippi-on  theeast,  the  Missouri  through  tlie 
Vhite.and  tlic..  W.ji.sliita,  are:nobNi  rivers.  1  ceittrc,  the  K'ansas,.Big  Bhick,  Osuge  anfi 
Tlic  soil  h  generally  gopd,  .and.th6,produ;3ts!otJji?r3,,aU.cojitributc.  toauako:  this  ,a  riph* 
gcr.ejn.ljy  ""^yh.  •  corn  .and  cotton.  ' Thi::  |  setlk-n.. '  Some  of  the  hills  are  ragged  .and 
State ,abound.sin:mineral^pfy^aii,o*a3  kinds,  j  barren,  but  for  the  most  part  ihe  country  is 
Theru.arc,  -also,  mhieral  .€pings,.of.,grea,t  |  wejl  timbered  wit)i ,  .pi'ne,  sycamore,, hapk- 
variety,  and  .soiue  hot  spruigs,.  hot  •  enQUgh   bory,,cotto'.i  wood,  suga^r-niaple,  etc.     It  is. 


taboil.au  egg •   ..■  ■   •  ....    ....■..,.. 

.'  .3v  TUi;i  State  has.  np  ■  l.argc  ci,t,ieij. '. ., Little 
Rock  is -the  capital  "Thc'S.tatp  lins  been 
mostly. settled  by  cDi-igna^u.ts  tVQ«n..the-c:thf,'!' 
States,.' .  They.-eleot  itUeir  gov.ftruqr./fpiv.i^v 


ane.xCiCllent  farming  section. 

.S.  ThQinnnerals  of  Missosuri.arc  yarjed  and 
valuable.',  liuad,  irpn,  zink,  ]ilumbago,  ar- 
.■ipnic,  &c,,  areXmnd.  Sliot  auctoi'ies  are  lo- 
cated  otit  th.e.hioli  blulis  of  the  Mississippi. 


term  o.f  =  f<nii-  ye;>r?,  and  all  T>Y),ilte men  xyho;  A^^^^^-'.^'VO^^^J  "-clt  lead  and  pour-  it  through 
havoUvcd  there  six  months,  .m-e.a.llQwed,tQ  I  ^'-'-^'^s;  when  in  falling  some  distance  the 
vote  if  21  years  ofnge.     The  saiq.of,lotte-p'^liOt^^i'c,formcd,'and  drop  .on  th,e  sfxnd  be- 


rj  tickets  ,  i.s  prohibited..-  by ,  hw,  aiu]  there 


low. 


are  no  lotteries  hi  the  Stat o.    ,    •        •.    .-,..,!  ^.,'  ^-  ,A^''^. ?*•  '?•  ■  ^^'^^t  grazing  country,  and 

,4.  This  State  Ims  suffoa'd  terribly  pi i].i:>i,igi^^*f^*^''C'"<-H,<^^'  and  jiois'es  are 

/he  war.    The  encmj-  hayo-,  i-avaged  .ticnj'ly  |  ^^M^   ,T^'°  owners  have  little  to,  do'be. 

the  wliole  of  it,  and  the  wrongs  (if  tlie.peor  Ipi^ks  to  mark'anci  turn  their  stock  out,  and 

pic  .{ire  hcurt-rcnderi ng.     Jlut    there  «  a  .'^'""j ^'^^ ^^'^i^i  ^'^  ^^'^^^". ^^'ey  are  fat.     Much  of 

God  of  vengeance  ai;d  ere  long  thc^e  suf.  tj''«;l'\^  sbx-k  is  placed  on  h>rge  flat  boats 

fcrers  will  be  avcn,"'ed.  jahd  "(ibnvej'ed  oh  the  rivers    to  the  towns 

_____'  j  iind  t-i'ties  for  sale.  •  Corn,  wlieat,  cotton, 

TT-cdV'VVr  vVt-\7  I  tobacco, '•  and   other"  products*  arc  raised. 

I  s.    ''  '  I  Aiuerican  >ur  Company  ccaisists  of  a 

Missour!.  j  good  many  men  who  sell  }urs,   and   buy 

1.  Missouri  is  tlic  second  Stute  in  size,  in  I  wool,  mlilcs,  &c.     In  the*  city  of  St.  Louis 


FOlR'  THE    D'lXlE    ^CUTE^D-REN.' 


^T 


they  have  a  large  liouso   containing' tliou-j      8'.  This  S'ttlicl^j^  s\fi creel  drci'1fnHj4n <•- 

Bands  of  si<ins  and  dried  Imffalo  uVngues,  ".■  Iii^the.War.  ■  Tliu  pe.rplowcrf^  u)rch  divid- 

5.  Jeliorjori    City   is   tTio    capitlU!  '    Sf- lei,  aiidd/dif'tt  sTojiij  with  that  u'l'tnimity 

Lo'.iis  is  tile  principal  city  of  l^Iis^ourl,  and  I  w'li^!!  m^^t  of  t!io  otU.'r  State^'did.'  .TUo 


contains  many  ii'Je  cluirc'.iesfiha  other  pub- 
lic bniilding-;.  Tt  ijtanJ-j  on  Itlib  wist  hafilv 
of  the  MFssissipj^i,  ami  !st.:a:utj::«a!:s  ply  1")e- 
tweeii  it  and  uiauy'otiicr  iiTipui'tant  points. 
Thus  you  observe  it  is  quite  a  cdminorciiiT 
city;     ■■'■■■  ;■  ,    ■ 

G.  ^e'.v  !i[adrid  is  a  small  village  si t'lih- 
tcd  on  a  high  alluvial  bank  of  the  ]\rissis 
sippi.  Alluvial  means  loose  earth  which 
has  been  marshed  cA*  thrown  there  since  the 
creation  of  theearth.  P]very  year  the  riv- 
er carries  away  a  jKtrt ion '6f^ this  bank,  and 
in  time  it  will  all  be  taken  off. 

7.  About  lifty  ycarcj  ago,  there  was  a  ter- 
rible c{\rthqMakc  iu  .this,  section.  It.wi.is 
felt  at  Xew  Orleans,  and  even  'v\  South 
Carolina  and  Georgia.     But. in  tli.is  valle} 


cno'U7'liayo  di>v.ist;i't»;-lmii.;h  of  tlii  State  ; 
but •t!i*2^'l)i*;ivj's»pirit'i't'»e.'e  will  yo'couqiier, 
aJ'.d-th'is'  will  bj  O'M  o'i'  i\f>  H'l  >;*:  States  in 
t.lv3  Gnfe:leni3y.  Thv^  Tudiansfrom  Indka 
Tcsmt-ory,  hi^J  jola^l  tin  S»atlia.'a  anu/, 
and- made  tU2:iliolvc3  iiscfal  to.  ou.»-  cause. 


LESSOR  XXY 

licntiicky.  * 

1.  Tlic,  State,  of  Kentucky  is  separated 
pn  the,  nortl\,fry:n  the  Uni^^i  States,,  by 
t|i3  O.iio  River,  Virgj  lia.bo  in  hit  on  tha 
eiiit/rennej^o^  ,o.:;i.  flie  south  an.d'tl,ie  Missis- 
sippi Hi  vqv  gntlie  wijat.  ,Tlie,C.iniborland 
\t:iuntains  Q.';p:ipy  that,  p^rt  of  the  State 


the  earth  opened  in  wide  .chasms,,  and  sent  I  ^^'-^  ^"^  Vkgiaia.  .  Then  the  piiio  IlilU  lie 
forth  columns  .Qf^sand"  and  ;^water.  .  Some  j '^^'^'J^?  a.  few,  niileo  fro^n  tliQ  Ohio'Kivcr. 
hills  sank  dowirand  left  lakes,  in  their  j  ^^"""'.'l-^  ^hese  the  country  i^p.^rtly  hilly, 
places.  Some  lakea, >verc  raised  up  so.lhel'V^J  parfly  Ie^>"U..the  lOw.  poniuns  ly|ug 
water  ran  out  and  left  dj-yhiud.  Tiie.b.ed»  "-'^^  f^'*^  I'ivcrs^  ..These,  river  valleys  are 
of  .rivers  were  changed..  and.cv.en.  .the  :Mis-  '•  ^;f^!7^H^"^''v''  f^}}.']  ')^"^'''  ''^^'*^'  ^''^  country 
sissippi  was  turned  baek  in  its  courije.-ior  i\  'J'!*V^"V.^:^.^"!-1A:.  . 
v.-holo  hour,  till  the  weight  of.  the  wate;  ' 
broke    over  an< 

Boata  ,verc  dash^^Mc^c^iu©^  mu  uitim.-r,  m    ..i,  .i..        ...    ,       ,  ..  ,  ..^ 

left  in  thcdry  channel-  while. the Uglituiui.-  ';},  ^^'°  '^^''.^^'^■''''^M  '"'*^  A''^..^' 
flashed,  and  the  ear.t|irmiibl.e41oiJ(dQr  than  ^^'"^,^!>''.^'''^'^5,  '^'^'^  ^-v^^'^  cr 
any  thunder.     Sorao    slight    sl^pqk^   huwu  l^^^-'"  "^"^''■^^''"■*^   ^ 


2.     Their  State  is  jiuldy   watered.     Thu 


H  tlie  weight  ot.  the   wate;'     ^:     -^'!^'^  .^^'^''V.,.    ."  .    r.. .  '' '^'.  "•     •^.  - 
id,  fonved  a  new   q].Himel/^^^."'''''"'^\P'''^.  *^'^  ^i'''"^*'"^''' ^'^^  ^^^'^'^^*.*^ 
L^hedagj^inst  the  blanks,  cu  '•'f.^'fe.  •''^^^^'\^''^'^""^'^^'^.^?^.f'"'"^^^^^^^^ 


Wn    felt    since,    buf  they    have    iipuj-Jy 
ceased  now. 


01 


Tli 


rc.i^io'n 


v.-.in.:e- 


tacky,  the  Li.;king  and  Salt  Rivers,  is  ac- 


2»  . 


G  E  O  G  K  A  F  H  I  C  A 1.      READER 


stribed  as  the  gardeu  of  tlie  State.'  Mo^t 
of  these  rivers  are  iiavigahlc]  some'liftj, 
some  one  hundred,  and  one,  the  Tennessee, 
three  hundred  niik'.*.    - 

3.  This  is  a  lime-stone  region  and 
abounds  in  caverns,  sinks  and  oubterraneiuis 
streams.  This,  htst  moans  rivers  running 
under  ground.  Sometimes  thev  l)nrst  out 
of  tJie  earth  and  furm  ariver  large  enough 
tu  turn  a  mil!,  jlammotli  Cave  extends 
about  two  . miles  and  a  half  under  the 
ground,  and  its  i-uonis  are  large  and  lieauti- 
ful.  But  when  you  visit  it,  vuu  must  takt; 
lamps  or  toivhes,  for  it  is  all  darli  us  niglit 
in  there. 

4.  The  mineral  ]»y»d actions  are  iron. 
coal,  salt,  and  saltpetre.  Salt  is  obtained 
from  salt  springs.  These  springs' were  call- 
ed licks,  by  the  early  settlers,  because  cat- 
tle were  fond  of  licking  around  them.  In- 
dian corn,  hemp,  wheat,  and  tobacco,  arc 
the  staples.  Some  cotton  is  raised.  This 
is  a  line  section  for  ctock  raising.  The 
horses  of  Kentucky  are  considered  very  ex- 
cellent ;  and  ^large  numbers  of  hogs  arc 
driven  every  year  to  other  States. 

5.  This  State  formed  a  part  of  Virginia, 
and  was  first  explored  by  hunters  from  that 
State  and  Xorth  Carolina.  Of  these  Col. 
Boone  was  one  of  tlie  leaders,  ilc  was  a 
brave  man  and  had  inany  lights  M-ith  the 
Indians.  Sometimes  M'hole  families  werd 
murdered,  and  "others  went  l)ack  to  their 
native  places,  but  still pojmhition  increased 
and  it  soon  became  a  fiouriyliiu'^  State. 


,  t>.  This  State  like  Missouri  W9,s  much 
divided  in  sentiment] when' the, war  broke 
'  out,  and  has  suffered  mnch  ;  but  it  is  be- 
lieved that 'wlien  the  matter  is  left  to  the 
people  to  decide,  they  will  declare  theui- 
sclves  Southerners.  Many  of  her  gallant 
sons  are  fighting  for  "Southern  rights." 

7.  Frankfort^is  tlie  capital.  ^Jt  is  a  nour- 
ishing city  oh  the  Kentucky  River.  Louis- 
ville is  the  principal  commercial  city.  It 
stands  on  the  Ohio,  and- steamboats -can 
reach  it  at  all  seasons.  It  has  much  trade 
and  is  the  seat  of  inu('h  manufacturing.     , 


LESSON  XXYI. 

i.  Tciinessee  has  Kentucky  and  Virginia 
on  flu;  north,  North  Carolina  on  the  east, 
Georgia.  Alabama  and  Mississippi  on  the 
.suutli ;  and  Missouri  and  Arkansas  on  the 
west,  l-ke  easterji'part  is  mountainous,  tlie 
middle  hilly  and  the  western  level.  These 
sections  are  spoken  of  as  East,  Middle,  and 
West  Tennessee.  The  Alleghany  and 
Cumberland  mountains  exteud-from^  Vir- 
ginia and  Kentucky]  south wiird  through 
this  State. 

2.  Wo  find  here  many  iu)l)le  rivers  and 
line  pure  streams.  The  Mississippi  washes 
the  western  border  foi'  160  miles.  It  is  tra- 
versed by  "the  Cum1)erland,  Tennessee, 
Clinch^  Hols'ten,  Elk,  Duck,  Obion,  Forked 
'Deer  and  llatchee  ;  which -jire  all  navigable 
streams. 


FOR    THE    DIXIE    CHILDE'E^ 


3.    Iron,  gold,  coal,    and   salt    arc  .tlic 
principal  minerals.     A  largo  portion  of  the 
6oil  h  productive,   and  agricnltnre  is  the 
chief  occupation,  of  t# inhabitants.     In- 
dian corn  and  cotton  are  tlin  chief  produc- 
tions.; but  wheat,  hemp  and  tobacco,  ard 
much  grown.     Grazing  is   much  attended  i 
to  m  the  eastern  part,  and  manj  fine  stock 
are  raised  and  driven  eastward  to  market-  i 
The  pine  forests  of  this  section  also  afford  I 
tar,  pitch    and  turpentine.-     Several    rail-' 
roeds  hare  been  recently  biult,  and  canare 
dug,  80  the    people  have  good   means   of 
fccnding  their  produce  to  market. 

4.  This  State  once  formed  a  part  of 
North  Carolina,  and  like  Kentucky,  thei 
first  huntei-8  who  settled  there  were  mlich  ' 
annoyed  by  the  Indians  who  met  there  i 
to  shoot  Buffalo  and  Elk.  But  emi-' 
UT&TLts  flocked  in  and, soon  this  beautiful' 
section  became  a  State. 

5.  Tlic  Legislature  of  Tennessee  has 
made  provisions  for  educating  the  children  I 
and  besides,  there  are  several  fine  Colleges  I 
and  Seminaries ;  so  no  one  has  an  excuse  for  I 
3eing  ignorant.     Ther^  were  eoino  excel-' 

8»      •  ,  ' 


29 
lent  papers  and  periodicals  published  in 
tms  State  before  the  war,'. but  most  of  them' 
are  suspended. 

I  6.  JSTashville  is  the  capital  of  the  State 
lit  stands  on  the  Cumberlaad  River,  and  is 
^  a  nice  city.  The  enen.y  took  this  place  tho 
I  first  year  ot^he  war,  and  have  not  jet  been 
lariven  from  it;  but  they  will  be  ere  loug. 
I  The  Methodist  Church  have  a  publishing 
house  here,  and  many  good  books  are  made 
,tor  the  whole  Coniederacy.  ATeniphis  is 
the  principal  city  in  A\^est  Tennessee.  It 
stands  on  a  high  bluff  on  the  Mississippi," 
30  feet  above  tlie  higlje&t  fiood^. 

7.  Many  hard  battles  have  been  fouc^ht 
! here    during    the    war  Ibr  Independence. 
;  But  though  she  is  oppressed  now,  and  snf- 
[  fers  much,  no  one/ears  for  Tennessee.     She 
I  is  nobly  doii]g  her  part,  and  when  the  war 
'  is  ended,  she  will  b(3  one  of  our  best  States. 
'Many  pure  spirits  arc  praying  for  ])caco, 
and  if  wealllMimble  ourselves  as  we  should 
vre  shall  soon  be  blessed  with  the  glorioua 
news  Peace  !  Peace  ! !   Peace  ! ! !     O   who 
will  not  appreciate  Peace  when  it  comes  ? 


SECOND    PART, 


R  E  V  1  E  W  . 


LESS()>«'  1.  Q.  As  the  i.'artli  luovutj  aioiiml  the  aiuii, 
g.    W'h lit  have  yon   ])eeii  reading- ahouf   ^'-'iHOtinies  tlio    snn   sliincs    straight    down 

A.- Geoo-raphy.  ii[>un  us  ;  do  wt-  tliovi  liavr^   wai'iu  «•)•  cold 

Q.  AVhat  dt)es  it  tell  you  ai)out  .'  weather/ 

A.  The  earth.    •           '  -^-  ^^"anii. 

Q/'AVhat  it^  the  earth  '.  Q-  Wlien  it  sliiiies  slanting  u]H.n  us.  what 
A.  The'planet  on  which  -we  live.               .   ^'^^  ^^'^  ^^'f'»  l»ave  ? 

t^.  What'is  the  shai>o  of  the  eartii '.  -^-  ^'>^^  Aveather. 

A.  "Round  lilce  a  ball.  Q-  ^^'I'J^it  *!<»  ^ve  .'hII  these  ehang(»s  ^ 

Q.  Doesjs  stand  still  f                  .  '^-   <^'li''vn eyes  of  season. 

A.  No;  it'turns  over.  '^-  ^\'J'<^ii  yon    toast  a  piece    of    hread 
Q.   How  often  does  it  turn  .'                    ;        l't--l'ore  the  tire  do  yon  set  it  straipjht  up.  or 

A.  On.-e  in  a  day  and>i-,dit.  '^'•^"  ^^  '^'^^'^^  • 


Q.   Wliy  do  we  not  fall  ofi":^ 


\.   I  M't  it  in.. 


.V.  The  earth  draws  us  to  it.'  <i.    ^yhy: 

(^   Docs  it  have  any  other  motion  '.  ^^-    '^'^''-^i-'L'  it  browns  faster. 

A.    It  moves  around\he  .^un.  ^-   ^'^'^  ^^"^'^'^  ''^  ♦'"^  "''''"'••  ^"'1"  • 

Q.  JIuw  often  r  -^-    ''  '-  '■"''l- 

A.   Once  in  a  veai".  ^^-  I'^^'-^ii   when    We  have  summer    here, 

what  do  the  peu^de  hrivc  on    thti    ojtpo.site 

--'-^ —         •                  «.  .--ide  c)f  the  earth  f        , 

,,,,..  A.  They  have  winter. 

'i-    \>  ncn   we  have  wmii  r.  what  do  ih(>\ 

(v>.    What   ijocs    )  he  daily    motion    of  the  have  f 

'■»'■''' i<i^'^'"=*-  A.  Stmuner. 

_A^vDay^nd  ni;^dit.  q.  At  the  E.|uat..r,  ihesun  .hiin-.-^trai-ht 

_  Q.  When  our  side  of  theearih   i.^  turned   ,|,.wn  all  tlie  year ;  w]iat.|oihe| pie  there 

towards  the  snii  Mliat  do  we  Ii.im;  f  have  f 

'^•.^;'>'._    .    .             .               ^  A.  All  Snnmier. 

i}.   What  is  it  oil  the  otlier  side  ?  Q.  At  the  poh-b.  the  bun  shim's  \  rry  .Jant- 

A.  Ni^^ht.  iQg  nil  xh\i  time  ;  what  do  they  have  th«re  f 


di 


GEOGRArniCAL     READEB 


A.  All  winter. 

Q.  Is  not  that  a  sad  cold  place/ 

A.  It  is. 


LES.SOIsMU.  .    ,, 

Q.    What  is  the  surfaoo  oi  tiio  ^aTtH? 
A.  The  outside. 

•  Q-.  How  is  it  divided  ? 

A.  Into  land  and  water.        '        ' 

Q.  How  much  is  water  i 

A.  ^  Th  reo  parts  -  of  'i  t. 

Q.  How  much  island? '  ■  - 

A.' One  part, .or  one  fourth.    ' 

•  Q.  What  do  wo  call  a  very  hit-go  Jjortioa 
of  land? 

A.  A  Continent, 

Q.  How  many  Continents  are  there  J.' 

A.  Two.  ..  . 

Q.  What- arc  they  called  ?■ 

A.  Eastern  and  Westevr.. 
'  -Q:  How  is  the  eastej-n  c-ntinentdxvidcd? 

■A.  Into  Euro2:>e,  Asia  awd  Afrid-a.' 

Q.  Howls  tlie  western  coiitinent Hi'vidftd? 
.   A.  Into  Nortli  and  -Soiith  Aniericii  ' 

^'.  On:  which  contineiitdo  you'liVci' ' 

A.  On  the  western.  ■ 

Q.  In  what  division  of  the  western  conti- 
nent'do  yon  live?     '••',' 
■ -A. '.In. the  Southern' Confodcraby. 

Q.  la  what  State  do  you  live  ? 

A.  In^ • 

■  Qi  In  what  ccmaty  ?  ■• 


Q.  In  what  town  V 
A.  In  — 


'  LESSOR  IV. 

I      Q.  What  do  you  "cair  a '  portion  0:f  land 
s'ur rounded  by  water? 

A.  An  island. 

Q.  What  do  you  call  a  pointof  laud'  ©x- 
tonding  into  the  water? 
•      A.  A  cape.         •  ' -•;  ■       •    ' 

Q.  What   do  you  call  a'  natrow'^trip  of 
land  cOnnectirrg '  two  other'  pieces'  of  land  ? 

A.  An  isthmus.  '  ' 

Q.  What  do  you  call  alow  pi^eec  6f  lattd  ? 

I      A.  A  valley.  

I      Q.  What  do  voir  call  a  level  piece  t/f  lahd? 

A.  A  plainL   •  •  '   •  •       -       '  • 

Q.  If  it  is  cov^l'ed'with  sand?' 

j     A.  A  desert.  •  ■     

!  •  Q.  If  it  is  covered  with  grass  ?      ' 

A.  A  prairie.      ■    ' 

Q,  What  do  you  call  a  portion  'df  Idnd' 
raised  very  high  ? 

A.  A  mountain. 
■*Q.  A  portion  not  so  high  rtts  a  mountain  1 
!     A.  A  hill.  \  ,      .         ,  . 
'      Q.*  What  do  you  call  a  mountain  ^^hich 
has  fire  inside  of  it  ? 
.1     A.*  A  volcano. 
!      Q."  What  do  volcanoes  throw  out? 

A.  Fire,  smoke,  hot  ashes  and  lava. 
■     Q.  What  is  lava  ? 
I     A.  Molted  stones.-     . 
I     Q.  Aro  thero  volcanoes  in  yoiu*  country? 

A.  I  nevea:  heard  of  any. 


FOR  jn^  DIXIE  q^iLpj^i;]^ 


?? 


LESSON  V.  I  ,..A.  T])e  lain  fallp,  and  soaks  into  th  9  earfli) 

Q.  iVTiatia   a,  very  .^afge   h6dy  of   j^altl'^^^^^'^  it  jnius  ^ion^,  until  it  fiLdjs  an  open- 

jing;  tJbid  is  a,  spring.,,  .     ,      x 

I     Q.   When  the  sua  shines  on  th^    oceana 
I  and  livers,  what  issuee? 
I      A.  Vapor. 


M-ater  called  ? 
A.  An  oceaji. 
Q.  How  many  oceans  ai;e,ther,e,^ 


A..  Five. .     ;      .•'.,■.  i 

Q.   What  are  they  called  ?  | 

A.  Atlantic,  Pacific^  jNgrti^eru,  Southern  j 
r.nd  Indian. 

Q.   Which  is  largest  ? 

A    The  Pacifii^  , 

Q.  Which  is  smallest  ( 

A.  Tiielnduin. 

Q.  How  w^deis  the  Pacilic  ? 

A-  Three  tliousand  miles.-  . 

Q.  Wliat  do  yc»u  call  a  smaller  body  of 
salt  water  i 

A.  A  sea.  .  .' 

Q.  When  a  portion  ot**  water  rnu.<  up.  into' 
the  land,  what  is  it  called  ? 

A.  A  bay  or  gnlf. 

Q.  When  a  portion   of  water  is  entirely 
Mirrounded  by  laud  what  do  we  call  it?      | 

A.  A  lake. 

Q.  Do  lakes  have  gait  or  fresh  water? 

.\.  ^omc  are  salt,  and  some  are  fresh. . 

Q.   What  do  you  call  a  streani  of  water 
running  over  the  land  ? 

A.  A  river. 

Q.  Wliat  is  a  small  stream  called  i 

A.  A  ])rook  or  creek. 

Q.  What  makes  a  ci-cek  or  brook  ? 

A.  Rills  and  branches  running  together. 

Q.  Where  do  the  rills  come  from 7 

A.  From  the  sprm^a. 

Q.  And  where  db  Uie  springs  originate  i 


What ia  vapor? 

Fine  drops  of  water 

Where  does  it  go? 

It  goes  into  the  clonde 
Q.  When  it  fills,  ^Jxa,^'  'dh  yoa  cbJJ  it  I 
A.  Rain.  •  *    • 


A- 

Q 
A 


LESSON   "VL. 

Q.  What  is  a  sphere?' 

A-,  A  globe  or  balL 

Q.  What  is  a  liemisphere  ? 

A.  A  half  a  globe. 

Q.  If  1  make  a  line  all  around  tho  earth 
from  nprth  to  soiitli  what  will  you  c^ll  one 
half  of  it  ? 

.\.  A  hemisphere. 

Q.  Then  you  have  two  hetnisjjhdres ;  what 
do  yon  call  them  ? 

A.  Eastern  and  Western. 

Q.  Suppose  I  draw  the  )ine  aVotind  the 
earth,  from  east  to  west  we  have  two  hejn- 
isphereii  also  ;  vi  hat  do  you  call  them  ? 

A.  jVorchem  and. Southern  hemisphenj. 

Q.  Which  hemispheriedo  wo  live  in  ? 

A.  The  northern. 

Q.  How  do  Von  know  i 

A.  Bccaiise  I  live  north  of"  the  equator. 

Q.  What  is  the  equator  ?    . 


36  GE  OGR  A.PHIC  AL    READER 

A.  The  line  wliicli  runs  around  flic  cartlj  A.  Tl)c  north  frigid, 

hall'  way  between  north  ;ind  south.  Q.  Tliat  around  the  south  [>o\r. '. 

Q.     Wliiclido  we  live  in,  the   t'atsti^rii  or  A.   Soutli  frigid. 

\ve^t(.•;n  ^                                                  .  Q.-  Wliat  does  fritrid  nicati  \ 

A.  TIm-  wisiciM.              -.  A.  Cohl  and/ro%en^ 

<\).  Why  i'        .                                  ■  (.^).  Then  wliat  is  the  climate  in  the  frigid 

A.    Beenui^c  \\'(Mivc  wi'^t  of  (ireenwieli.  zone? 

•    .  A.  A'ery  eold  indeed. 

Q!jWhat  kind  of  people  and  aniniuls  live 

LESSON  Vll.  "'^^'■^-  '  .  ' 

*    ..     it',    ,      •,          .1           .      ,  •                     A.  A  few  slioi'ii  hard\    rie(.)r)1e  and  sonu- 

Q.    \\  luit  sadf  on  the  waters  .              ,                     ,  ."          ^ 

.     cn»            114.  aniniak  witli  tousrh    skin  covei-ed  with  l"ur. 

A.   Ships  ;ind  boats.  ■      ,             ■      ^    , 

,.    TTri    4.  1    !i  .•  f  U-    \v  hat  of  the  trees  ^ 

C^.  NVJiat  <k)  they  can'\lr<>ni  one  ri>niitiy         *■ 

.1.       y            '           ■  "  A.  Tiiey  ai-e  not  taller  than  a    man    i'lnd 

to  another  :              .  /   • 

t     /-I      1          •                           iv  1  1    .-t  bear   no  fruit. 

A.  Goods,  s])iee'S.  sui^^ar,  eoiiee,  gold,  ?u-  _            .     ,       , 

r.  "  Q.    WJiat  IS  th(^  eharaetei- of  the  peoitlc  f 

\  er.  cve.  ^       •  '      ^ 

Q.   What  nu,ve.lhc  ship,  uj.un  the  u..ca,l^      -^-  'Tliey   are    industrious  and  good   na- 
A.  Some  are  driven  l)y    steam  and  some  tured;  and  seldom -go  to  war. 

,      „  •.  1  "  Q.  What  zone  do  we  find  on  till' (.'(niator^ 

i»j  win* I.  ^  J 

'  (,).    What  lives  ill  tlir  water  f     ••  -^■.  ^^^^  ^'^'"'^'l- 

A.  (ireat  whales,  sharks  and  lislKkl"  all  si-       (.>•  What  does  torrid^nu-an  r 

A.    ir(»t,  }>arehed  up. 
<,).    For  what  were  these  made  '.  •  ^l-  Tl'^n  what  is  tlie  climate  there  \ 

A.   Soifie  for  foud  for  man.   and  some  fur        ^^-  "v^^'  warm^always  summer, 
animals  to  live  npon.  •  .Q-  What  kind  of  trees  willyou  find  tJiere? 

(-,).   Who  made  them  nil  '.  A.  Very  tall,  with  la.-ge-  Leaves  and  fruit 

A.  Gud.  and  blossom.- all  the  year. 

-  (^.  }lo\v  large  are  some  of  the  lea\esf 

A.  .Laree  enougli    to/earpet  a.eommcn 
LESS().NV111.  _  ,i.ed  room. 

(^).  AN' hat  is  n  zone  ^  (,^.  Do  t]ie  trees  bear  large  fruit '. 

A.   A  belt  or  girdle.  ^  A.  Some  of 'them  bear  iVu it  larger  tluin 

(^).  How  many  /.ones  are  there  '.  \  could  carry. 

A.   Fiv>'..  -       *  j      Q.  What  of  the  pe<. pie  there  ^ 

(:^.  What  is^  that  called  M'hich  lies  around  I      A,  They     are  tall,   of  dark  eompleetion 
.the  North  Pole?.  ,  very  indolent  and  warlike. 


/.Ch, 


Kol;.     rilK     DIXIK     cmJLDHEN 


Li.    Vv'lial  ui  the  aiiimalb  .'  ,  :      A.  They  arc  uot,  hnt  jjtost   of  tlieni  c:,u 

A.  TLev  are  vorv  l:irp:e  and  forofiuUH.         In' if  they  wiiUtrive. 

a  What  of  the  j-eptiles  and  injects  ^       ,       ^-    ^^•<"^^*i    "ot    every     Ix.y    and     t-irj 

A.  'J'hcro  arc  hu-i-e  crocodiles,  aud  huge  ''^'^^''  ^^'^^^  *«  ^^^  '^^  e<Jucation  ? 
serpents,  many  feet  long,  and  many  reno-  ■?  snoiiia. 

Mjons  inscct.-i.  .  

.     Q.  Is  tliis  :i  healthy  ;:one( 

-A.  ]t  is  verv  nnhealthy.  LKSSOX  IX . 

^.l.  "What  zones  lie    b<^tw«^.'U  the  torrid       q_   ly.^^  „j.j„v  ra«M.v.  of  )o<.n  are  therr  - 
iiM  ,1.0  frigid:  ^  A.   Fir,-. 

A.  The  tem-^.evfiro.  q    ^vhat  -olot-  ii.  the  Caucasian  f 

Q.   Wliat  <h.i  yon   call  the   one    next  t(t        .^     \\']nte. 
rht-  north  frio;i(l  ^ne  i  '  q     ^^^fj^^  ^oUm-  is  the  .Indian  '. 

A.  T]ie  iK.rth  temperate.  -.  .        j^    |>,.j^  ,„.  (.'opper  .-otoivd.  ^ 

Q.  What  do  y.ui  r-all   the  om*  ne\t  the       q_  ^Yh-M  c<.h.r  is  tlir  Mon-oUan  » 
^   foiith  frigid  (  '  ^    Yelhnv. 

A.  The  5<outh  temperate. 

•i.  In  which  zone  do  you  li\'ef  * 

A.  The  nortli  temperate. 

(•i-  .A\'hHt  ki])<]   '.»!'  animahs  are  CMmnion 
i!:ere^ 

.V.   Muglly  domestic. 

K\.   W-i.'it  are  (hrnuestic  animals! 

A.  Ll'>rtCi*.  cows,  sheep.  t%e. 


q.  The  Afi-i.an  ^ 

A.  BlacV.  ^ 

Q.  The  Mahty  .' 

A.  Xcarly  black. 

Q.  Whicli  race  ipnidSt  civilized.' 

A.  The  Cajueaeian, 

Q..  Which  is  the  beat  edncato<l  .' 

A.  The  Caucasian. 


(,».  What   do    yoii   call  bear.-.    i>antlierH,        q_  AVhich  are  the  most  fen. eions  and  >mv 
\vi!dcat.-,  l.niVal'x's,  i\:c.  '  ao-ef^ 

A.  Wild  animals.  j       \    The  IndiHii.  Mongolian,   May  lay  ana 

Q.  What  «»f  "the  people  tliere  ?  'African. 

A.  Th.y  are  indnstrions,  patient  and  in-       q    jg  ^j^g  African  savage  in  ^his  countrj-  T 
.^llif^ent.  .  ^    jsjy .    they     are   docile  ahd  religion* 

Q.   What  does  intelligent  mean.'  here. 

A.  Tliat    they     read    bookt^,-  and    learn       -q    u,^^^.  j^rc  they  in   Africa  where  thry 
■nany  thiug%  to  talk  abonf.  >  li rat  come  from  ^ 

Q.  Are  all  lUr  |tv»iipl.,' in  ini- yoiw  .>dni-v-        A.  They    are  v<'rv    ium'Tant,   .-rnfl    ^^^^ 
tfd  f  ;  wretched 


as 


It  E  O  U  K  A  r  H  I  0  i\  L     U  E  A  D  E  K 


Q.  How  do  the  ludiaiis  live  ( 
A.  By  Imntiug  and  fishing. 
Q.  Where  did  thev  onc(i  live  ^ 
A.  In  all  America. 
Q.  What  has  become  of  them  i 
A.  Tlic  white  people  drove  them  away 
and  took  their  lands. 
Q.  Are  they  all  gone  ( 


A.  A  few  of  them  live  in   soiiic  places  ;  j  their  kino*  dies. 


().  Suppose  be  is  a  wicked  or  bad  man  . 
must  he  still  govern  the  people  '. 

A.  IIC'  must. 

Q.  Would  not  the  ])eolc  be  very  wretch  ." 
cd  under  such  a  ruler  ^ 

A.  They  would.  ■ 

Q.  How  can  they  help  themselves  .' 

A.  They  generally  have  to  bear  it  utuil 


but  do  riot  seem  much  happy. 

Q.  Was  it  not  wrong  to  drive  them  away 
and  take  their  lands? 

A.  It  was,  and  God  will  judge  the  white 
man  for  it. 

Q.  May  not  some*  of  the  wars  we  have 
had,  have  been  such  judgniQnts? 

A.  Very  likelv. 


LESSCM  X. 

Q.  When  one  nian  rules  a  eouiiti'y  what 
is  the  government  called  ? 

A.  A  monarchy. 

Q.  If  he  has  other  men  to'liel})  him  gov- 
ern, what  is  it  called  ? 

A.  A  limited  monarchy. 

Q.  If  his  will  is  law,  so  he  can  take  li\|fes! 
or  property    at  his.  pleasure  whatcTo  wb 
term  it  ?  * 

•    A--  Absohite  monarchy. 


Q.  When  people  eleci  a  man  by  \  otiiig, 
to  rule  over  them,  what  is  he  called  ' 

A.  A  president. 

Q.  For  what  lono:th  of  time  are  presi- 
dents elected  ? 

A.  In  the  Southern.  Confederacy  they  ser\'e 
^ix  years  :  but  in  the'  Uii-ited  States  only 
four. 

Q.  If  people  elect  a  bad  president,  what 
is  done  at  the  close  of  his  term  ? 

•A.  Anothei'  man  is  elected. 

Q.  AV^hat  is  our  goverinuent  called  t 

A.  A  democracy. 

Q.  What  is  a  democracy  'i 

A.  A¥here  the  peo})le  elect  their  own 
rulers. 

Q.  What  kind  of  men  should  we  elect  to 
govei'U  our  country  ? 

A .  Good  and  ^vise  men. 

q:  wiiy  i  •  • 

A.  ''  When  the  righteous-  are  in  authori- 
ty, the  people  rejoice,  but  when  the  wicked 


Q.  What  are  such  rulers  called  ?        .        ,  |,cai-etli  rule  the  people  mourn.  '' 
A.  Kings  ahd  emperors.  .  !      q    ^^i^ere  do  yon  learn  this  ? 

Q.  How  are  kings  appointed  ?  .     |      a.  From  the  Bible.     '       ' 

A.  The  oldest  son  of  the  king  becomes  |     q.  -^^m  Q^d  curso  a  nation  because  of 
kdng  on  his  father's  death.  '  ^-^^^  j.^^l^^j.,  , 


I'Oi:   TUE   1)1  xiK   en  [luke^s 


30 


A.  Jlcsajslic  AvilL  I      Q.    Arc   these  judirincnts    fur  our    sin^ 

Q. .  Then  M-heii  you  little  boys  grow  u]>  to  j  alone  ^ 
be  men,  will  yon  resncniber  thi?  '.  'A.  Tlu-y  are   i)artly  for   our   sins,    and 

A.  We  M'i-ll  fry.'  partly  for  the  sins  of  our.for9fathers.' 

Q.  If  the   i»coi»lc  of  the  Unireci    states       Q.  Tlien   iiow    shall    we .  expect"' peace, 
iiad    always  elected    G;ood    men  ..-r  rulers' since  sin  has  brought  war  ? 
whaf  Avould  have  been  the  rcpult  '.  A.  AVe  niust  repent  of  our  sins  and  ask 

A.  Wti  shouUl  have  had.no  war.  (rod  U<  hk%^  our  efforts  to  defead  our  conn 

(I   Why  ^  try. 

A.   Because  every  man  would  haNC-beeu  •      (j     Whypo' 

willing   to    treat    others  justly,    and    there        \     i5n,.oimp   -^  Ji'  f  a  )  r.  v  \   '^    i, 

o  .      J       J  .\.    i>n<iube,      '<•  <Toa  be  lor  us  wliosliall. 

would  Jiave  licen  no  causiMoi-  war.  \J^,  airainst  ns  "' 


CONTENTS 


I         Whnt    Geography     moans; , •. :,., 5 

-        Clmiige  of  SeoMonx , 5 

■<        Land Q 

Water g 

Hcuiit*plieres ,,       j 

Point*  of  the  Compass 7 

Ciuiulb  and  Rail  Eoads , g 

Latici.k'  and  Longitude A '. ;      g 

Z'^n.-. ; .m. 9^ 

JO        Kaoes  of  Mun • '• iq 

''        AmnrU'Ai 11 

Nortli  Ainerica " •' 12  . 

l;i        SontL    Anicricw '. ;. ^ 16    . 

lA        Stat*  of  Virginia 13 

15     ■   Stato  of  North  Carolina * ly 

1«        State  of  South  Carolina < .^. 2d 

:     «    State  of  Georgia .,....■ 21 

State  of  Florid* 22 

..'        Stale   of  Alabama ?3 

v;ij       St4U<^  of  Mississippi .... 'J.3 

*21     •    Stat*  of  lyiniKiann  ......  ..  .  .* :..,.....  .    .  '.'4 

2ii        StaU-  of  Texan 25 

28         StttU-  of  A  rkanSHR ^ 'H- 

'M.      Stat*  of   Mii»«'juri.... .- ?•' 

ar.        StAte  of  Kentucky. 
2(1        State    of   Tc>nne«s«<- 


42  CONTENT  S— C  0  X  C  L  U  D  E  D 


«  E  V  I  i;  \y  . 

Page. 

Lesson    Orsr . . ." »  '53 

T^espon  'J'wo -'o 

Lfib-soii    Mircc -  :'' 4 

•Lcwori  Yoxif ■^•1 

Li-sstm    Five .  * -^."i 

I<ciisoD    Six A". 

I,i^S5:0U     ><eVl-ll -M) 

l.cssuji.    Ei'rlu . .    .■ ■ .- .    .       .  :;m 

Lesson     Xiiif -v; 

l.e.^'Son    'i>.i . 


N  E  W      P  T    B  L  I  C  A  T  I  C)  N  S  . 


V  I!  T  J.  K     L  K  A  \  K  S^ 


r  <)  K   K  N  S     A  T     T  H  K     T  <)  M  B  . 


REV.      A.      W.      MANGUM. 
s  i:  <  o  >  i>     F.  I)  11  I  ()  \  . 

U  K  V  I  S  K  ])      A  X  I)      K  ]s  ].  X  ]l  (J  K  I)  .    . 

A      Book      Peculiarly     Adapted 

!■  '•       T   U   K  . 

T  I  M  K  s  . 

A     \    I. 

S  h'o  u  1  <1     hv    !  f  a  (i      1.  y    ever  y       V  c  r  ^  (•  n     ..  t 
T   A    S   T    K        A    N    I)       ],•    K   y   \    \    i-;   y\    y   y   y 

|{  K   \  ;\  »  o  ^  .     r   1  K  K  A  K     A    r  «>  *  . 

U  A  I    i:  1  <r  II  ,    N  .     C 


u 


NEW    PUBLICATIONS. 


HILL'S   POJEJ^rS. 

SEC  OKI)    EDITION.   . 

THE     FIRST     COLLECTION      OF     ORIOI 
Ts^AL     PCS  MS     EV  EH     PUBLISH  ED 

*  I  K       T  H  E 

C  0  i\  F  E  D  E  R  IT  E      STATES.  . 

IP]E(S)M©¥rJ(D]l!D     IBM 

the' 
I  V  K  R  Y     B  E  S  T    C  R  IT  I  0  S 

.  TOBE  •.  - 

'"TRUE    AND    GENUINE    POETRY.'' 


•'TEAR      DOWN     THAT      F  I.  A'  «  ,  '  *      • 

Is    OBC    of    the    Aathor's    fiery    pieces.      Read    it. 


8  K  A  I¥  S  O  N      F  A  K   R  A  K      &     «  O  .  . 

PublisJiers. 

Kaleigh,     N.     C 


V  K  \V      pr  n  L  I  CATIONS.  •   ! 

IIISTOIJK  AL    S(  IMini  IfF   (}rKSTTON^. 

1^  IMI  X  or  N  V  E  I)    J!  V     . 

W  .    J  .    w  .    C  r  o  ^^-  d  e  r  .    G-  e  u  .    Tract    A  g'  e  ]i  t . 

J"  li  i  *     Book,    <•  >  p  1- 1  i  a  My    a  <f  a  |»  i  c  <f     to     ^  n  1>  l>  a  f  u    :«  <   h  o  n  i  % 
:  give*     I  h  «^     «  I  II  d  o  II  t     a     I  i  11  ««     !<•  h  »  »»  J  «-  <i  v'  <      of 

B  I  B  L  E     H  1  S  r  0  U  V  . 

6'  O    n  AS  1  U  A  B  L  E    T  (J    A  L  L  . 

C  O  :S'  8  T  A  N  T  L  V     o  .\     fi  A  N  D  . 

\  U         T   II   K 
/  BOOK      K  o  o  .>f  s     n   I' 

R  K    t    :^  ^  O  \   .      I     A   K   II  A   K     A     f    O  .  , 

yo.     1*2.     rnfcltvvillv    ^\. 

n  A  i.  >.  1  r,  n  .      X  ,      C  . 


u;  N  K  W     V  r  l;  i.  I  f:  A  T  I  i  >  N  S 

F  I  R  S  r    D  1  X  I  E    R  E  A  D  E  R 


BY 


M  RS.    M  .    i;.    M  (in  I!  K  .. 

^  »A    U    T  li   ('  Jt,       <>    1-. 

T  l«  o    B>  J  X  a  e        P  9"  J  SB*  c  r  .  '  '     "  •  $j«  o  o  4?  e-  a  |»  Bi  »  <:  a  I      S4  o  11  «S  1'  v  ,  '"'.    &  c- 

THIS     BOOK     FOLLOWS     THE     PRIMER 

A    N    [1 

0  0  M  P  OS  E  I)     B  y     A  -..  S  Q  r-  T  Jl  K  R  K     W  R  L  T  E  R, 

A  Is'  I)     1  :n  ~    ■ 

S  0  U  T  IlEE  N     S  T  Yl^E: 

IFIK  .    - 

B  0  0  li     I  S     \  ^     (i  R  E  A  T     1»  E.  Ifl  A  IV  I)  . 

F  0  R     S  A  L  E     A  T     T  11  E     B  O  OX      R  0  U  M  S 

....•■  •'  •, i  ««  - 

B  K  A  i\  S  O  T*  .       F  A*K   R   A  11      &       CO.. 

P  H  b  J  I  s  h  o  V  s  , 

R  A   3,  K  I  G   ]I   ,       IS'  ..        0   . 


N  K  \V      t'  ['  1!  I.  I  (J  ATI  0  N-S- 


T  H  E    G  K  ( )  (t  U  a  P  TI  I  C  A  ! .    II E  A  1)1^:  |{ 


]\  A  PS 


i-:    so  It'll  !K  It  N    STATKS, 


Mim  s')."'  M.  "ik'o'  m  (S)  (i  : 


A  i:  r  1!  <)  li     (>  I-     'r  ii  i. 


J)  i  \  i  f     P  r  i  me  r  ,    First    Dixie    Re  a  d  e  r  ,    A:  c  .  . 


I  s 


E  §    l»    B^  <L'   H    A    e'.   I.   \      ?S  «•    B   'fi^   SJ   |>     T  O      C  O  .Iff  :TI  O   i\     >»  <•  s^   <>  «>    I.  « 


A     \     I' 


C  ( )  N  S  T  A.  N  T  L  Y  ■  O  N     II  A  N  D  , 


H  7.  1  S^l  1  \  (1     A  X  I)     S  A  L  P:,^     Li  O  U  M  s 


U  iC    i  .\  «  O  .\  .       I'  \  R  14  A  It        A       V,  <>  .  . 

P    II   l>  I   i   »   ii  «,   I-  «  , 

U  A  f.  E  I  o  u  ,      N  .      C 


4> 


K  E  \V      !-•  V  P.  L  (J  A  T  I  (.)  N  S 


F  1  M  S  r    B  ()  ( )  KIN    C  () M  1^  ( )  S  I  1  I  ( )  S 

15  Y 

L.    BH  iU  SON,  A.   M. 

T  h  f  «     1$  o  o  k     i%     d  «'  *  i  s  IB  o  <»     to     p  i-  «>  <•  ♦>  d  *•      i:  it  i^  i  i  <<  i« 

€a  i-  a  Hi  in  II  »•     a  n  tl    i-  «•  it  d  ♦•  r     I  h  *•    !  a  t  J  *-  i-    ♦•  ;e  *  s  i'  * 

it  SI  d      «i  »  !•  <•      5>  !  e  a  *  St  »»  <      1  ><»      I  li  <•     »  <  li  - 

tl  e  as  }  .         it     «  »•     i  II  f  o  8-  *.  i»  «;  r  *  i'  d 

\fc   I  «  5j       jm  ii  11  y      |S  I  e  H  ' 

'  •  •   s  a  w  I 

AVRITIK(;      EXERCISES 
L  E  A  D  I  IV  G     0  X      G  R  A  D  JL^  A  1.  L  T 

T  O 
*  '  .• 

I  ]\  D  E  1'  E  N  D  E  N  T     C  0  M  P  (>  U  I  T  1  D  >i  . 

/  T    I  ^    -V  ^^  F    r  -s  /•;/>    -v  ^-  <:'  c  E  s  s  f  r  l  I  v    /  ^' 

31  A  N  Y      C  O  M  1ml  O  N      S  V  H  O  O  T.  S      %  >   O      \  C  A  I>  10  M  1   i:  S  . 


A  ?ir  S  O  3s   ,       F  A  IR   K   A   R       &      i    O  .   -. 

E-ALEiGH,     ]sr.    C 


NEW      Plj'BLlL'ArTONS 


;  i;  A  \  S(t  "v      K  AIM-!  AK   ^r    0  (i 


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*'<'":^'^.  >y  t.-\<.-r  pui.>^l^^^^^J■V.ill  t)i"  <:<'ri'.jdori>.o  States,  hi  the  Sf,-.07KlL'.lit!Oi>  it  i-;  iijSciid.-l  to  iiu'-r.-aw  titv.  i;niiib(;r 
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A  Coiii.Tiwii  .^elio<^1  ('.<-o^'rfl|.hy  -vlil  It  ;   i'i>=!hIic.1  in  tine  c<^  n-.-^y   jf  Urn.  , 

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';  >;'.E17K«T,  DIXIE  ^EA1>I-:K,    ;-■     J!ir.rp.s,  «iiVhvr»;iui.  ■  |.ii.rl-..!i(.a.t-.ii.«.M  n  ).r<^s^   v 


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T?;-?-:  IVfV.iJ  SlMXi.t.-v.  ^ipOK.  By  .N^-s.  M.  ti.  Mooi.'s:,  aii-^'ior  or  tlie  Dixie  ytiicn.  U  is  believed  *i]l  lie 
udaptcl  i'bo  to  tlie  •a'P:i{<  -A'  •  vv  C")uiron  ScIiO'>l:».  Nu  pyvti--  nil;  V  ■=pjired  to  conipletc  it  early  and  iunke  ir 
f'iual  JJi  merit  to  ai.v..-tH-iiiiif' l.ool;  ill  tlic  fou^ir.  "  :y_,   jt  rig^  $]  OO 

1"  y  FIItST  BOOK  IN  CGMrO'i.ITJON.  j-^  uc.-^,gntd  w  pie^-.-do  Eiiglisii  (iramuuir,  nialcng  feo  Litte'i- 
(.i-.'-i^T  unJ  more  i'lr!is;,ut  lor  tin.-  ^.tiu'cnt.  li  i.-i  iu>'.v  introduced  si-.ccc^Mly  iato  ifiaiiy  of  tlic  Schools  and  Aciide- 
ltr,:c8  ot  V  ^.- Ci'nutry,     ^tistLeoiily  iVv  k  of  tha  kind  publishr-d  in  the  3o'i$h.  Fiii!e  ?1  00. 

"  ■  -  ,  4  -  ■ 

MYUTLE  LEAVES  "Hv  Rev.  A.  '\v\  M.vNfH'i!.  A  B.^ok  peciirrHy  uciaptc  1  to  th;;  tin!cf>.'_  Svooi-d  Iv'itl.r'Ti  i/a- 
provod  and  eiilar.cj'id;  i.mw  lu  prcKt  iiid  v.-jll  bv  isjjvicd  scon,    '"end  m  yo;:r  oidevB.  Fricc  $i  jO 

HI^TOiilC \L  3CRIT  rL'I?E  QUESTIONS,  giving  a  lii.stprioal  Lnow'lcdge  of  tiu-  Bil>lo,  is^prououncod  to  be 
thL-JloKt  Liiing  yet  pub'ifriicd  ou  llifc  |ru^j.?et.    Suited  to  the  yo-2flgaiiu,ti:e  old.  '  '      PrietiGOct^. 


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